Unidentified Flying Object (Interview - Alpheus O. Powell / Walter I. White)
Two intelligence summaries documenting Pan American Airways Captain Powell's sighting of a bright orange, cylindrical, P-40 fuselage-sized object at 7,800 feet during a Gander-to-LaGuardia flight on August 4, 1947, with corroboration from navigator Walter White.
Kenneth Arnold timed nine objects crossing between Mt. Rainier and Mt. Adams at 1 minute 50 seconds. A Pan Am captain watched a blunt-ended orange cylinder at 7,800 feet for 50 seconds near Boston and ruled out every conventional explanation. NACA weather observers tracked a metallic disc through a theodolite on three separate occasions — elliptical, flat-bottomed, domed on top, shining like silver. A B-29 pilot with 2,800 flight hours spent three days searching the skies over Idaho and concluded that what he found maneuvering above him wasn't aircraft, balloon, or optical illusion. Serial 130 is a cross-section of the summer 1947 wave as it hit the U.S. military intelligence system: sworn statements, pilot interviews, newspaper clippings, and one earnest theory blaming the whole thing on reflections from car door handles. The witnesses range from airline captains to railroad workers to a 12-year-old boy in Newfoundland. What they share is specificity — distances, durations, angles, colors — and the inability of investigators to explain what they saw.
- Pan Am Captain Powell observed a cylindrical, blunt-ended orange object near Boston at 7,800 feet for 50 seconds, ruling out balloons and tow targets
- Mass sightings in Birmingham, Alabama on July 6, 1947 generated reports from dozens of witnesses across multiple neighborhoods, lasting ~20 minutes
- Sworn witness statement from Codroy, Newfoundland describes a barrel-head-sized bright red disc with a 15-foot cone-shaped trail, visible for 15 seconds
- Kenneth Arnold's June 24, 1947 Mt. Rainier sighting: nine objects timed at 1 minute 50 seconds across measured reference points; no visible tails
- NACA weather balloon operators tracked a metallic disc through a theodolite on three separate occasions; elliptical with flat bottom and domed top, larger than a weather balloon in the instrument
- David N. Johnson (B-29 pilot, 2,800 hours) searched for discs over three days; concluded the object's erratic maneuvering ruled out aircraft, balloon, or optical illusion
- Snake River Canyon witness described a sky-blue device at ~75 feet altitude, too low for conventional aircraft
- Railroad employees at Pikes Peak observed a silver object through binoculars hovering, climbing, diving, and reversing direction before climbing west into the wind
- One investigative theory blamed sightings on reflections from automobile door handles, rings, and ventilation windows
Page 1
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-04 | date of UFO sighting
- 1947-08-12 | date information received
- 1947-09-12 | date report issued
- Alpheus O. Powell | Captain, Pan American Airways | pilot | witness/subject
- E. White (Walter I. White) | navigator, Pan American Airways | witness/subject
- Mr Powell | mentioned as first pilot | witness
- Pan American Airways Inc. | airline carrier
- Air Defense Command | issuing agency
- Headquarters, Mitchel Field, New York | issuing authority
- New Hyde Park, Long Island | Powell residence address (28 Redwood Road)
- Gander, Newfoundland | departure point
- La Guardia Field, New York | destination
- Everett (3 miles NW of Boston) | radio beacon reference point
- Bedford (15 miles NW of Boston) | radio beacon reference point
- Object had definite shape with no suggestion of rocket or jet aircraft exhaust | Powell stated
- Objects definitely not tow targets, pilot balloons, or radiosonicdevices | Powell evaluated
Page 2
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-04 | date of UFO sighting
- 1947-09-10 | date information received
- 1947-09-15 | date report issued
- Walter I. White | navigator, Pan American Airways Inc. | witness/subject
- Alpheus O. Powell | pilot, Pan American Airways Inc. | mentioned witness
- Mr. White | co-pilot seat observer | witness
- Pan American Airways Inc. | airline carrier
- Air Defense Command | issuing agency
- Headquarters, Mitchel Field, New York | issuing authority
- Jackson Heights (19-57 79th Street), New York | White residence address
- Gander, Newfoundland | departure point
- La Guardia Field, New York | destination
- Boston, Massachusetts area | flight position reference
- Mountain Brook | nearby area mentioned
- "deep gold in color, and that its surface reflected light" | Mr. White describing object
- "It appeared to be about 18 feet in length, and from 2-3 feet in depth" | Mr. White regarding object dimensions
Page 3
View PDF ↗- Mr. A. O. Powell | Aviation Cadet Flying Training graduate, Marwell Field class of 41-C; over 4,000 command pilot hours with Pan American Airways | witness credentials evaluated
- James L. MacFarlane | 1st Lt. AC (appears in evaluation section) | assessing officer
- Air Defense Command (ADC) | receiving agency
- Army Air Forces (AAF) | receiving agency
- Powell appears to be calm, intelligent individual, not given to flights of fancy, or easily swayed by what he has previously read in newspapers regarding reports of this type | report evaluator
- Powell has a fear of publicity and seemed hesitant to even tell his story lest he become the object of ridicule | report evaluator
- Object observed definitely was not a tow target, pilot balloon, or radiosonicdevice, as Powell has seen numerous of these while on flights | Powell stated
Page 4
View PDF ↗- Army Air Forces (AAF) | receiving 5 copies
- Air Defense Command (ADC) | receiving 2 copies
- Aviation Cadet Flying Training Program | Powell's training organization
- Mr. Powell appears to be a calm, intelligent individual, not given to flights of fancy, or easily swayed by what he has previously read in the newspapers as regards reports of this type | agent note
- Mr. Powell has a fear of publicity and seemed hesitant to even tell his story lest he become the object of ridicule | agent note
- Object observed definitely was not one of tow targets, pilot balloons, or radiosonicdevices | Powell's assessment
Page 5
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-08 | report on local flying disc date (referenced)
- 1947-07-24 | postscript handwritten notation date
- 1947-07-08 | basis document date
- 1947-07-27 | letter date of Fourteenth Air Force routing (implied)
- Major John Dougherty | mentioned as Air Base commander (implied from context)
- [illegible signature] | Air Force officer sending memo
- Fourth Air Force, Orlando, Florida | originating organization (letterhead reference)
- Fourteenth Air Force, Orlando, Florida | routing organization mentioned
- Air Defense Command, Mitchel Field, New York | receiving organization
- Army Air Forces (AAF) | parent organization
- Orlando, Florida | Fourth/Fourteenth Air Force headquarters
- Mitchel Field, New York | Air Defense Command headquarters
- Birmingham, Alabama | implied location of sighting (from document context)
Page 6
View PDF ↗Page 7
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | sighting date (Sunday) of flying disc over Birmingham
- 1947-07-08 | date of report
- 1947-07-06 | photograph date reference
- [Officer name illegible] | Intelligence officer of Infantry Military District
- Commanding General, Fourteenth Air Force | recipient
- Commanding General, Third Army | also recipient of intelligence information
- Major [illegible] | likely Intelligence officer reference
- Headquarters, Birmingham Air Reserve Training Detachment | issuing organization
- Headquarters, Birmingham Army Air Field | organizational reference
- Infantry Military District | jurisdiction
- Third Army | command chain recipient
- Fourteenth Air Force | receiving command
Page 8
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-08 | report date (referenced as "D333.5 ID (8 Jul 47 2nd Ind")
- 1947-07-25 | Air Defense Command report date
- Air Defense Command, Mitchel Field, New York | issuing organization
- Army Air Forces, Washington 25, D.C. | receiving organization
- Chief of Staff | recipient attention
- Mitchel Field, New York | Air Defense Command headquarters
- Washington 25, D.C. | Army Air Forces headquarters
Page 9
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-25 | first report date nationally (referenced)
- 1947-07-06 | Birmingham sightings date (implied from article)
- Robert Crossland | Age-Herald copy reader and camera owner
- Robert Crossland | Age-Herald news photographer
- Age-Herald | newspaper
- The News | competing newspaper mentioned
- Army Air Forces | referenced authority
- Birmingham, Alabama | primary location
- Edgewood | area reporting sightings
- Mountain Brook | area reporting sightings
- Avondale | area reporting sightings
- Southside | area reporting sightings
- Fairfield | area reporting sightings
- Pratt City | area reporting sightings
- West End | area reporting sightings
- Central Park | area reporting sightings
- Bessemer | area reporting sightings
- 39 States | national distribution of reports (referenced in headline)
- "much-discussed flying discs were over Birmingham last night" | general statement
- Objects reported across 39 states but seem concentrated in Birmingham | headline assertion
- "Whatever the things are that have set the nation agog since first reported 12 days ago by a man in Washington State, they definitely were over the Maine City last night. It seems, in fact, that more Birmingham residents saw the objects than in any other place." | news article summary
- "'Flying Saucers' Reported From 39 States, But Seem To Be Concentrated Here" | headline
Page 10
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | sighting date (evening/night)
- 1947-07-07 | morning references to additional reports
- James Bain | 1125 South 5th Street | witness
- J. L. Kardus | 2100 Clanton Street, Bessemer | witness
- Dan Smirl | 14 years old, 1429 10th Place South | witness
- Marvin Pharo | 15 years old, 625 10th Avenue South | witness
- Officer E. E. McNeal | police headquarters | reporting official
- Mrs. M. Sockwell | 1360 Meadow Lane, Green Acres | witness
- Connie Murdoch | 512 South 10th Court | witness
- Mrs. Gordon Mize | Bessemer Super-Highway resident | witness
- H. E. Reasor | 1318 45th Street | witness
- Charles F. Bradley | Birmingham weather man | noted skeptic
- Birmingham Police Department | reporting authority
- Bessemer | jurisdictional area
- Bessemer | area of sightings
- East Lake | area of sightings
- Southside | area of sightings
- West End | area of sightings
- Woodlawn | area of sightings
- Green Acres | area of sightings
- Warrior River | area reference
- Central Park Airport | area reference
- Avonwood | area reference with ravine reference
- Mountain Brook | area reference
- Red Mountain | area reference
- Brighton | location reference
- Weather man said not to believe spectacle was weather phenomena; instructed staff to be on alert for any information that might gather on the matter | Charles F. Bradley assessment
- Reports began at 8:10 p.m. and ceased about 20 minutes later | official timing statement
- "big curve from southwest to southeast" | trajectory description
- "size of a baseball" | size comparison
- "'Big as tables'" | Mrs. Gordon Mize quote reference
- "We were standing in the yard when we saw round silver flashes circling around. They came one at a time at first, then the number increased" | witness account
Page 11
View PDF ↗- Michael Eisman | 10 years old, grammar school youth | quoted witness
- [Unnamed grammar school youth in 5th/6th grade at Crestline Heights School] | witness
- "They are new radio-guided rocket discs from another country that is planning a war on the United States" | Eisman's theory
- "They are equipped with cameras. They will be radio guided back to their home country. They go fast to keep anyone from seeing them. Then they hover and stand still to get their pictures." | Eisman's assessment
- "They are new radio-guided rocket discs from another country that is planning a war on the United States" | Michael Eisman, age 10
- "They are equipped with cameras. They will be radio guided back to their home country. They go fast to keep anyone from seeing them. Then they hover and stand still to get their pictures." | Michael Eisman
- "It has one of the biggest steel mills and the biggest cotton gin" | Eisman explaining why saucers over Birmingham
- "As to what country is sending the saucers, Eisman didn't guess. Nor has he seen any saucers, he said, over his home at 4 Clarendon Road." | article statement
Page 12
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | primary sighting date (evening)
- Morning following | additional reports reference
- Major White | military official quoted
- [Multiple unnamed residents] | witnesses
- Army Air Forces | military authority referenced
- Air base [implied] | military facility
- Edgewood | area where disc seen
- Mountain Brook | area reference
- South End | area reference
- Avonwood | area with ravine reference
- Southside | area reference
- Fairfield | area reference
- Pratt City | area reference
- West End | area reference
- Central Park | area reference
- Bessemer | area reference
- "We'll do everything the Army Air Forces is empowered to do to run down the mystery of the discs. This thing seems to have gotten beyond the point of speculation. Birmingham can rest assured the air base will keep on the alert until the mystery is settled." | Major White
- "I have seen my sister and I talking myself, prior to be the alert for any. I aw information in . I might still be heard on . for a . "a big buggy" he reported." | partially readable witness account
Page 13
View PDF ↗Page 14
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | sighting date (2045 hours)
- 1947-07-07 | statement subscribed and sworn date
- Staff Sergeant Ira L. Livingston | RA 14 153 972, Air Force | witness
- Mr. Herman H. Sockwell | next door neighbor | mentioned
- James L. MacFarlane | 1st Lt. AC, Asst AAJ | oath administrator
- Air Force | Livingston's branch
- [Unit not clearly specified]
- 1354 Meadow Lane, Green Acres, Birmingham, Alabama | Livingston's residence
- West of Birmingham | sighting direction
- Birmingham, Alabama | location reference
- "The objects appeared to the west of Birmingham traveling in a South Eastern direction" | Livingston statement
- "The objects appeared to be approximately 2000 feet above the horizon at a 45 degree angle" | spatial description
- "The discs were silent and appeared to be composed of a single light" | observation conclusion
Page 15
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-23 | final report of sighting date
- 1947-07-30 | document date
- 1947-07-28 | reference letter date (mentioned)
- 1947-07-06 | original sighting date
- 1947-07-23 | date of final report from Harmon Field, Stephenville, Newfoundland
- Marion C. Miller | Captain, Air Corps, AC/S, Intelligence | sender
- [Officer name partially illegible] | Lt Col, GSC, AC/S, Intelligence | recipient signature
- Captain Marion C. Miller | Air Corps | author
- Headquarters, Newfoundland Base Command | originating location
- Atlantic Division, Air Transport Command | routing organization
- Fort Pepperrell, Newfoundland | location reference (APO 862)
- Atlantic Division, ATC, Fort Totten, Long Island, New York | receiving command
- Air Transport Command, Washington 25, D.C. | final recipient
- Fort Pepperrell, Newfoundland | headquarters location
- Harmon Field, Stephenville, Newfoundland | sighting location reference
- Newfoundland | geographic area
- Washington 25, D.C. | Army Air Forces destination
- "Letter of Transmittal" | document reference type
- "Forwarded in accordance with instructions outlined in TWX CL-95, your Headquarters" | routing statement
Page 16
View PDF ↗- Miss Patricia Abbott | Government Employee | Newfoundland National | witness
- Lt. Hammaker | Navigator and Public Relations Officer | AAF | witness
- Concluded object was not a falling star because of its behavior and absence of motor noise; concluded it was not an airplane due to the abrupt maneuvers and lack of sound
- "[it] was definitely not an airplane" | Miss Abbott and Lt. Hammaker
Page 17
View PDF ↗- Marvin G. Miller | Captain, Air Corps, AC/S, Intelligence | Air Force | author/sender
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | Air Force | mentioned
- Headquarters, Newfoundland Base Command, ATID-ATC, Fort Pepperrell, Newfoundland | Air Force
- Atlantic Division, ATO | Air Force
- Fort Myers, Long Island, N.Y. | Air Force location
- Intelligence, Newfoundland Base Command | Air Force office
- Final Report of Sighting - 00202, 10 July 1947
- Final Report of Sighting - 00302, 11 July 1947
- Final Report of Sighting - 00152, 20 July 1947
Page 18
View PDF ↗- Dr. Robert M. Leidy | PAA mechanic | Pan American Airways | witness/photographer
- Mr. John N. Merhman | TWA mechanic | Trans World Airlines | witness
- Mr. John W. Woodruff | PAA mechanic | Pan American Airways | witness
- 1388th AAF RU, NBC, ATLD, ATC | Air Force | Harmon Field, Newfoundland
- Pan American Airways | civilian airline
- Trans World Airlines (TWA) | civilian airline
- Intelligence, Newfoundland Base Command | Air Force
- Approx 6-10 miles SSW of Harmon Field | sighting location
- Stephenvile Crossing to Harmon Field | route of observers
- Disc shaped; estimated same size as C-54 transport; approximately 10,000 ft altitude; clear, scattered cumulus 8-10,000 ft
- Circular like a wheel, estimated size of C-54 transport from 10,000 ft; transparent or silvery, left bluish black trail approximately 15 miles long
- Trail appeared to be similar to afterglow of a pioneering landing light or search light beam, suddenly switched off; object maintained straight and horizontal course; disappeared into Northeast
- Two (2) Kodachrome snap shots taken by Dr. Robert W. Leidy; film transmitted to Asst. Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Newfoundland Base Command for processing
- Mister's Merhman, Woodruff, and Leidy were enroute from Stephenville Crossing to Harmon Field at time of sighting
- Trail was similar to afterglow of pioneering light, not a typical aircraft exhaust
- "Circular like a wheel, estimated to be same size as a C-54 transport from 10,000 ft." | Witness description
- "Transparent or Silvery, left a 'Bluish Black trail approx 15 miles long.'" | Witness description
Page 19
View PDF ↗- Mr. John Legge | civilian witness | Codroy, Newfoundland | witness/informant
- Mr. Wm. Evans | civilian witness | Codroy, Newfoundland | witness
- Albert Samms | civilian witness | Codroy, Newfoundland | witness
- Mrs. Samms | mother of Albert Samms | mentioned
- Mr. Legge | foreman, Buchans Mine, Newfoundland | background information provided
- Disc shaped; reported size of barrel-head, dinner-plate and size of plane flying high; trail gave whole object appearance of cone; flame colored with trail of lighter flame color
- Very high velocity; clear at dusk; heading from northwest, heading eastward
- Object appeared very bright with after-glow which made it look like cone; very clear night; high velocity prevented mistaking for plane or falling star
- Trail was observed at approximately 6,000 feet altitude
- Mr. Legge believed reliable, approximately forty years old, considerable experience as foreman, Buchans Mine where in charge of three hundred men; during war was member civilian volunteer Air Detection Corps
- Mr. Legge stated he felt object was something new which he had never seen before
- "Disc shaped; was reported as being the size of a barrel-head, dinner-plate and size of a plane that is flying high. The trail gave the whole object the appearance of a cone." | Witness description
- "[it was] a nice clear night. No clouds. It was just exciting dark. I would say it was traveling at the rate of a shooting star but much closer." | Mr. Legge account
Page 20
View PDF ↗- John P. Legge | civilian witness | Codroy, Newfoundland | mentioned as reliable witness
- Albert Samms | 12-year-old boy | civilian witness | witness to sighting
- Mrs. Samms | mother of Albert | mentioned
- Albert Samms alone when he saw flying object, very definite; never seen anything like it before
- Circle looked about size of barrel head; trail behind disc made appearance of cone; another thing that makes it real: it wasn't shooting star usually leaves temporary streak, this object left no streak only the one that appeared to travel behind circle which looked like after-flow
- Disc was bright red, nearest could describe would be color of flame; after-glow (cone-shaped) was a painter shades
- Last Thursday night (reference to 10 July 1947) resembled shooting star in no way whatsoever; only one such object observed
- Mr. Legge believed reliable; had considerable experience as foreman; member civilian Air Detection Corps during war
- Albert Samms behavior and description deemed consistent with honest observation
- Object behavior not consistent with natural phenomena
- Corroboration of sighting from River Warden at South Branch (mentioned but not fully contacted at time of initial report)
- Secondary description obtained, agreed with sightings at Codroy
Page 21
View PDF ↗- Captain Ullage | Master of Steamship "Burgeo" | ship captain | witness
- Messrs Maitland, Larkin, Douglas and Hamilton | construction company employees | Hamilton, Metcalfe and Kansas City Bridge Companies | witnesses
- Four other gentlemen | witnesses | working on Harmon Field construction
- 1388th AAF Base Unit | Air Force | APO 864, c/o Postmaster, New York, N.Y.
- Hamilton, Metcalfe and Kansas City Bridge Companies | civilian contractors at Harmon Field
- On board Steamship "Burgeo" enroute from Sydney, Nova Scotia to Port aux Basques, Newfoundland | approximately one hour out from Sydney
- Approximately 6 miles SSW of Harmon Field | distance reference
- Strange intermittent flashes that may tie in with "Flying Discs"; observers did not see object, saw flashes and all four observers agreed there were four (4) or five (5) flashes approximately one (1) second apart and simultant; flashes were silvery in color and described by two observers like those of Fire Fly only larger and at equal intervals and did not look like shooting star or airplane
- High velocity; stated to be faster than tracer bullet; heading NNE (30° East of True North) on horizontal plane; clear and dark
- Not a meteorite or airplane because of its speed, color, and evenly spaced discharges or flashes
- Captain Ullage told four gentlemen he had seen same thing at approximately same time and location on evening of 15 July 1947, except object/flashes were traveling faster and frequently changing course (changed course abruptly several times) and headed generally [direction cut off]
Page 22
View PDF ↗- Captain Ullage | Master of Steamship "Burgeo" | witness | mentioned
- WILLIAM H. SMITH | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | Air Force | author/signature
Page 23
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | Date of interrogation
- 1947-07-10 | Date of sighting referred to in questioning
- John E. Woodruff | Chief Mechanic, Pan American Airways | Harmon Field, Newfoundland | interrogated witness
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- Disc-shaped object; transparent disk like wheel traveling at terrific rate of speed and opened clouds as it went through air
- Object caused clouds to break open/split in straight path; trail dark blackish in color similar to high power light; trail was approximately fifteen (15) to twenty (20) miles long
- Object appeared horizontal and seemed to remain on stratus course
- Diameter estimated based on height from distance (approximately 5 or constellation size estimate by witness)
- Two Kodachrome photographs taken, transmitted to Army
- "Did you see the Disk itself?" / "Yes, it appeared to be on a great curved course on a horizontal plane. The object disappeared into the North Northeast." | Q&A exchange
- "It cut a straight path right through the cloud." | Witness observation of cloud effect
- "Yes, it left a trail dark blackish in color similar to a high power light. The trail was as far as I could estimate from approximately fifteen (15) to twenty (20) miles long." | Witness response to trail description
Page 24
View PDF ↗- John E. Woodruff | Chief Mechanic, Pan American Airways | witness
- Robert Leidy | Pan American Airways employee | mentioned as co-observer and photographer
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- Disc appeared to break clouds leaving opening; clouds were very scattered about 8000-10,000 feet altitude, object passed through and out cloud leaving clean break through
- Trail described as object breaking cloud leaving smooth straight opening; trail licked as if object passed through smooth opening indicating disc passed clean
- Trail appeared to be on great curved course, object appeared be on stratus course and seemed to remain on stratus course
- Altitude of clouds estimated as pretty high (approximately)
- Time of sighting approximately between three and five o'clock in afternoon, coming back from fishing
- Trail was horizontal; object behavior demonstrates advanced characteristics
- Witness estimated seven (7) years experience working around aircraft
- Whether trail was fan shaped or indicated descent
- Whether object appeared descending, ascending, or horizontal
- Whether altitude of clouds was known
- Whether witness was drinking (negative response)
- Time of sighting details
- Two (2) Kodachrome photographs taken by one of boys
- One of boys took photograph of trail object left
- Photography transmitted to Army
Page 25
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | Date of interrogation
- 1947-07-10 | Date of sighting referred to in questioning
- Henry H. Leidy | Station Mechanic, Pan American Airways | Harmon Field, Newfoundland | interrogated witness
- John E. Woodruff | Chief Mechanic, Pan American Airways | co-observer
- Robert Leidy | Pan American Airways mechanic | implied as separate photographer
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- Pan American Airways | civilian airline
- Harmon Field, Newfoundland | location
- Were with Woodruff and Leidy on evening when they observed object/flying disc passing over sky on 10 July 1947
- Witness had one can of beer about half hour before sighting
- Woodruff mentioned seeing object first said it was traveling through sky; observers did not believe initially but when he stopped saw object and took picture; trail and opening in clouds formed definite trail; object appeared to break cloud leaving opening; clouds seemed very scattered about 8000-10,000 feet
- Trail was horizontal going in big circle, left sharp edges to clouds
- Trail would not say exact, licked as if object passed through opening like pebble leaving ring in pool
- Observed differences in color: object looked to have broken cloud and left opening; trail appeared horizontal
Page 26
View PDF ↗- John E. Merhman | Supervisor and Mechanic, Trans World Airways | Harmon Field, Newfoundland | interrogated witness
- Robert Leidy | photographer | mentioned as taking photographs
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- Trans World Airways | civilian airline
- Pan American Airways | mentioned in context
- Trail described as reddish black in color, very easily distinguished from blue sky; diesel exhaust would be similar
- Trail was approximately band across sky in straight path
- No noise heard from object
- Stopped car and got out to look at trail; one of boys took photograph of trail that object left
- Photograph taken by Robert Leidy using Kodachrome film
- Observer experienced in aircraft and aviation
- Believes photographs will show detail of sighting
- "Can you describe the trail?" / "It was reddish black in color, very easily distinguished from the blue sky. A diesel exhaust would be similar to it." | Q&A exchange
- "Was the trail fan shaped?" / "It was more or less a band across the sky in a straight path." | Q&A exchange
- Two (2) Kodachrome photographs taken; film type Kodachrome believed
- Robert Leidy took photographs
- Photographs transmitted to Army for processing
Page 27
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | Date of interrogation
- 1947-07-10 | Date of sighting
- Henry H. Leidy | Station Mechanic, Pan American Airways | Harmon Field, Newfoundland | interrogated witness
- John E. Woodruff | Chief Mechanic | co-observer mentioned
- John E. Merhman, Jr. | Supervisor and Mechanic, Trans World Airways | co-observer mentioned
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- Pan American Airways | civilian airline
- Trans World Airways | civilian airline
- Between mountain area (over the hill) and Stephenville | general area of observation
- Harmon Field, Newfoundland | base location
- Between three and five o'clock in afternoon | time reference
- Were with Woodruff and Merhman on evening when they observed object in sky 10 July 1947
- Did not have drinking before sighting (had one can of beer, about half hour before)
- Stopped car and got out to look at object; fellow took picture of trail object left
- Trail was very clear and distinct at distance of approximately 15-20 miles
- Trail licked as if object passed through straight opening
- Trail appeared horizontal, seemed to remain on stratus course
- Altitude of clouds estimated as pretty high
- Trail time approximately between three and five o'clock in afternoon
- Estimated seven (7) years working with aircraft
- Observer experienced with aircraft and aviation concepts
- Trail characteristics suggest advanced object behavior
- "Were you with Mr. Woodruff and Mr. Merhman on the evening when they observed a flying disc passing over the sky on 10 July 1947?" / "Yes." | Q&A exchange
- "Can you tell me the circumstances under which you saw the object or its trail?" / "Mr. Woodruff saw it first and said the thing travelling through the sky. We did not believe him at first but when he stopped the car and got out, we took a picture of it. There was a bluish streak left in the sky which formed a definite trail and evened the clouds to break open as it went through." | Witness account
Page 28
View PDF ↗Page 29
View PDF ↗- Robert E. Leidy | Station Mechanic, Pan American Airways | Harmon Field, Newfoundland | interrogated
- William H. Smith | Captain, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer | interrogator
- WILLIAM H. SMITH | Captain, Air Corps, Adjutant | second signature
- Pan American Airways | civilian airline
- Air Corps | military
Page 30
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-10 | Date and evening of sighting (approximately 10 o'clock)
- 1947-07-17 | Witness statement signature date (17 July 1947)
- John P. Legge | civilian witness | Codroy, Newfoundland | statement author
- (Witness name illegible) | witness signature
- (Witness name appears to be) Wilfred Quirke | witness signature
Page 31
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-10 | evening sighting at approximately 10 o'clock
- 1947-07-17 | date statement was taken
- Wm. Evans | witness, resident of Cordroy, Newfoundland
- Mr. Leggo | witness mentioned, saw the object with Evans
- Mercedes Burke | Intelligence Officer, Harmon Field, took the statement
- Cordroy, Newfoundland | location of sighting and witness residence
- Harmon Field, Newfoundland | location where statement was recorded
Page 32
View PDF ↗- date illegible for sighting (Thursday night stated)
- 1947-07-17 | approximate date statement was recorded
- Albert Samms | witness, resident of Cordroy, Newfoundland
- Mercedes Burke | Intelligence Officer, Harmon Field, took the statement
- witness's mother | mentioned as corroborating observer
- Cordroy, Newfoundland | location of sighting and witness residence
- Harmon Field, Newfoundland | location where statement was recorded
- "I hesitated to say much about them. Hesitated until I noticed all the hullaballoo in the papers. I puzzled over their strange shape for a while but couldn't get much information. I saw what appeared to be the navy's new XFSU-1 flying flapjacks, which are thin, flat round aircraft with propellers and stubby tail." | Albert Samms
- "Last Thursday night I was out by our house. I happened to look up and saw what I thought was an aeroplane. It was flying at the height of a plane that is flying down there. Then I thought it looked strange for an aeroplane, because it was all lit up so bright. planes do have a light or two, but this thing was very bright - sort of a bright yellow. I saw it only for a minute because it was travelling at a terrific speed. It shot out of sight so quickly I thought it strange if it was an aeroplane. THEN, I remembered what I'd been hearing about 'FLYING SAUCERS' I ran in and told my mother." | Albert Samms
Page 33
View PDF ↗- Albert Samms | witness who reported sighting
- Mrs. John Samms | witness/corroborating observer
- Mr. Leggo | mentioned as having reported the same sighting
- Mercedes Burke | Intelligence Officer recording statement
- Cordroy, Newfoundland | witness location
- St. John's, Newfoundland | location where report was to be filed
- "Albert rushed in and told me about this thing he'd just seen. At first he thought it was an aeroplane but then he remembered having heard about 'FLYING SAUCERS' and he thought that's what it must have been. I questioned him; he said it couldn't have been a plane because a plane wouldn't shoot down like that did, besides it was too 'lit up'" | Mrs. John Samms
- "Mr. Leggo reported the same thing to me in order that I might report same to St. John's in the morning." | Mrs. John Samms
Page 34
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-09 | sighting date (night of July 9th at approximately 11:15 and 11:40)
- 1947-07-13 | report date
- 1947-07-09 | Wednesday night when constable arrived home from duty at approximately 11:30
- L. Kearney | Constable, Grand Falls station, who submitted the report
- his wife | corroborating witness
- his mother-in-law | corroborating witness
- Mr. John Jackman | resident of St. John's and friend of the family, corroborating witness
- L. Strange Esq., J.P. | Chief of Police
- recipient official identified as L. Strange Esq., J.P., Chief of Police
- Newfoundland Constabulary | Grand Falls station
- RCMP implied by context
- Grand Falls, Newfoundland | sighting location and station location
- St. John's, Newfoundland | where report was to be sent
Page 35
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-09 | sighting date
- 1947-07-13 | report date
- L. Kearney | Constable, Grand Falls station
- his wife | witness
- his mother-in-law | witness
- Mr. John Jackman | resident of St. John's, witness
- L. Strange Esq., J.P. | Chief of Police
Page 36
View PDF ↗- This "flying saucer" situation is not all imaginary or seeing too much in some natural phenomenon. Something is really flying around. | analyst
- Lack of topside inquiries, when compared to the prompt and demanding inquiries that have originated topside upon former events, give more than ordinary weight to the possibility that this is a domestic project, about which the President, etc. know. | analyst
- Whatever the objects are, this much can be said of their physical appearance and characteristics as described in the observations. | analyst
Page 37
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-25 | date of memo
- 1947-08-22 | date Johnson letter was received
- 1947-08-20 | referenced date in Johnson letter
- F. M. Johnson | resident of Portland, Oregon, author of original letter
- Mr. Arnold | mentioned for similarity of statement
- Donald L. Springer | Lt. Colonel, OSC, AC of S, A-2, signing officer
- recipient addressed to Headquarters Army Air Forces, Washington D.C., ATTENTION: AC of AS-2
- Headquarters Fourth Air Force | Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 Intelligence, Hamilton Field, California
- Army Air Forces, Washington D.C. | recipient organization
- FBI, San Francisco | noted for potential investigation referral
- Special Agent, FBI, San Francisco | referenced for investigation follow-up
- Hamilton Field, California | origin of memo
- Portland, Oregon | location of F.M. Johnson
- Letter of Mr. F.M. Johnson of Portland, Oregon, received August 22, 1947 | flying disc sighting report
- Statement by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Arnold | similarity noted
- Special Agent in Charge, FBI, San Francisco | for investigation referral
- Your attention is invited to the similarity of statement by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Arnold. | memo author
- This letter is being referred this date to the Special Agent in Charge, FBI, San Francisco, for any investigation they may care to make. | Donald L. Springer
Page 38
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-20 | date of letter
- 1947-07-04 | referenced date related to flying objects sighting
- before WWII | referenced for general flying experience
- F.M. Johnson | author, Portland Oregon resident, experienced pilot
- Mr. Richard Rankin | referenced as having similar sightings and articles
- Lt. Col. Donald L. Springer | recipient, Assistant Staff
- US Air Force | referenced for service history
- US Forest Service | referenced for employment history
- Army Air Forces | referenced for discussion context
- Portland, Oregon | author location
- Bakersfield, California | referenced location
- Mt. Adams district | mentioned in context
- Blue Lake, Idaho | mentioned in context
- Western United States | general area of experience
- Cascade Mountains | referenced in closing
- Johnson's belief that articles were some sort of flying machines. | F.M. Johnson
- Johnson suspects the articles were test ships for the Government Services, possibly Navy Flying Flapjacks under testing. | F.M. Johnson
- "I was standing outside Mr. Leggo's store with him. We both saw this thing dash across the sky. I couldn't be accurate about the direction." [Note: This quote appears to be from an earlier witness, not Johnson, and seems misplaced in this section]
- "Yours Respectfully, /s/ F.M. Johnson, 106 No. West 1st Ave, Portland, Oregon" | F.M. Johnson
Page 39
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-30 | date of witness statement/certification
- 1947 | year of detailed sighting account
- Richard Rankin | experienced pilot, mentioned for flying circles and seeing similar objects, brother of late Tex Rankin
- F.M. Johnson | author and witness
- US Air Force | general service reference
- Army | general reference
- Navy | reference for testing and Flying Flapjack aircraft
- Desert test centers | referenced for training missions
- Portland, Oregon | author location and signature location
- Bakersfield, California | sighting location
- various aircraft test centers | referenced as possible origin of objects
- Southern California desert | referenced for test operations
- Castle Mountains | referenced in final statement
- "Washington I realized that the articles that I saw were probably the same thing. I was still reluctant to mention this to anyone thinking that they would probably say that I was crazy. After some time I mentioned the incidents to the editor of the Oregonian, a Portland, Oregon newspaper. At this time I was in Portland for the remainder of the day. The association with the editor of the paper is put forth in the accompanying newspaper article." | F.M. Johnson
- "SIGNED Richard Hankin, Portland, Oregon, 30 July 1947" | signature on page
Page 40
View PDF ↗- URIS | primary subject of analysis
- Billy | mentioned as corroborating witness
- KELLY and KEVIN URIS | stated to have observed the same phenomena
- URIS's boys | mentioned regarding retrieval of materials
- URIS's mother-in-law | mentioned as witness
- Snaky River Canyon | referenced location
- Space River Canyon | referenced location (possibly same location with variant spelling)
Page 41
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-03 | publication date
- 1947-06-23 | date Rankin saw objects from his lawn in Bakersfield, California
- Dick Rankin | experienced pilot, brother of late Tex Rankin, source of account
- Tex Rankin | late brother of Dick Rankin, pilot reference
- The Oregonian | newspaper
- U.S. Navy | reference for XFU-1 aircraft
- aircraft manufacturers | general reference
- Portland, Oregon | newspaper location
- Bakersfield, California | location where Rankin observed objects on June 23
- Palm Springs | location mentioned for Rankin's winter activities
- "I hesitated to say much about them. Hesitated until I noticed all the hullaballoo in the papers. I puzzled over their strange shape for a while but couldn't get much information. I saw what appeared to be the navy's new XFU-1 flying flapjacks, which are thin, flat round aircraft with propellers and stubby tail." | Dick Rankin
- "Only One XFU-1 Built: (The navy and the manufacturer have announced officially that only one such machine was built and that it never left Connecticut. These planes were flying high, maybe 9000 feet, and fairly fast, about 300 or 400 miles an hour. I first counted ten of them traveling in formation. About 2:15 P.M. they returned on the reverse course, headed south with only seven in the formation. They were not weaving or bobbing in formation I couldn't make out the number or location of portholes. Couldn't distinguish any wings or tail. They appeared almost exactly like pictures of the navy's flying flapjack." | Dick Rankin (newspaper account)
Page 42
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-20 | document date
- 1947-08-15 | newspaper publication date referenced
- 1947-08-14 | date URIS mistakenly stated for sighting (actual date August 16)
- 1947-08-16 | actual date of URIS family sighting around 11:00 P.M. Saturday
- URIS | primary witness
- KELLY and KEVIN URIS | URIS's sons, corroborating witnesses
- URIS's mother-in-law | mentioned witness
- URIS's wife | implied witness context
- FBI | implied recipient/investigator
- Bureau | referenced for August 15 report
- Snake River Canyon | sighting location
- Twin Falls, Idaho | newspaper publication location
- Snaky River Canyon | alternate reference to same location
Page 43
View PDF ↗Page 44
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-15 | publication date
- 1947-08-09 | date of one sighting mentioned in article
- A.C. Urie | witness who saw object over Snake River near Blue Lakes ranch
- John Brosnan | journalist/author of article byline
- unnamed witnesses | referenced in story
- Twin Falls, Idaho | newspaper location
- Blue Lakes ranch | sighting location reference
- Snake River canyon | sighting location
- Snake Gorge | alternate name for same location
- "Heads Up, Folks! The Discs Are Flying Again" | headline
- "Flying Saucer Reported Flashing Down Canyon At 1,000 Miles Per Hour; Two Others Are Seen" | secondary headline
Page 45
View PDF ↗## Title
Saucer Seen Flying Down Snake Gorge
## Subject
Urie (primary observer/witness)
## Locations
- Snake Gorge
- Twin Falls area
## Summary
Newspaper article reporting on Urie's account of a UFO sighting. The narrative details:
- Urie and two companions facing toward the north
- Multiple objects observed that they had seen previously entering view again
- Observers had developed previous explanations for the objects
- Description of object: "one color - sort of a light sky blue with a red tubular fiery glow at the side of the top or bow"
- Object remained visible at the location with Urie remaining there
- Urie rode up and down over hills and holes following the object
- Object demonstrated "some type of control faster than the reflexes of nature"
- Urie's assertion that it "is guided by instruments and must be powered by atomic energy"
- Object produced "very little noise - just a whisper"
- Urie's physical description: "20 feet long by 10 feet high and 10 feet wide, giving it an oblong shape"
- Urie compared it to "look-alike an inverted pie-plate" or similar configuration
- Urie expressed conviction about seeing "something peculiar"
- Reference to County Commissioner Hawkins observing similar object same day
- Multiple Twin Falls area witnesses to similar sightings
- Urie's conviction about reality of observations despite skepticism
## People
- Urie (primary witness)
- County Commissioner Hawkins (corroborating witness)
- Two companions with Urie at time of sighting
- Other Twin Falls area residents reporting similar sightings
## Physical Characteristics
- Color: light sky blue with red tubular fiery glow
- Size: 20 feet long by 10 feet high and 10 feet wide
- Shape: oblong, compared to inverted pie-plate or side-by-side configuration
- Sound: minimal noise, whisper-like
- Speed/Control: controlled movement faster than reflexes of nature
- Power source: reportedly atomic energy per Urie
Page 46
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-10 | date of memorandum from Randolph Field
- 1947-07-16 | date of memorandum from Tenth Air Force, Brooks Field
- H. L. Cruiser | Lt. Colonel, O.S.C., Chief of Staff | author/recipient
- S. H. Morrow | Colonel, GSC, Asst Chief of Staff, A-2 | author
- Headquarters Flying Division, Air Training Command | Randolph Field, Texas
- Headquarters Tenth Air Force | Brooks Field, San Antonio, Texas | Air Defense Command
- Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 | military intelligence
Page 47
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-28 | date Armstrong departed Williams Field, Arizona in P-51 for Portland, Oregon
- 1947-07-14 | date of objects sighting, 1:15 CST
- 1947-07-15 | date of memorandum
- Lt. Eric B. Armstrong | O-2059709, 170th AAF Fighter Squadron | observer/pilot, interviewed
- Lawrence R. King, Jr. | Special Agent, CIC, ADC | interviewer
- 170th AAF Fighter Squadron | Williams Field, San Antonio, Texas
- Lake Meade vicinity
- Five or six white, circular objects observed at four o'clock, altitude approximately 10,000 feet, approximately 30 miles northwest of Lake Meade, Nevada
- Speed estimated at 285 MPH
- Objects flying smoothly in close formation
- Estimated size of white objects approximately 15 inches in diameter
- Distance made certain white objects were not birds since rate of closure was very fast
- White objects not jets or conventional aircraft as Armstrong had flown both types
Page 48
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-30 | McGinty's flight date at Grand Canyon
- 1947-07-01 | McGinty interview date
- 1947-07-07 | document date (first memorandum)
- 1947-07-01 | Armstrong interview date
- 1947-07-07 | document date (second memorandum)
- Lt. William G. McGinty | USN, 195803, P-80 Student | observer/pilot at Williams Field, Chandler, Arizona
- Captain Malcolm O. Armstrong | O-734168, Instructor, Single Engine | at Williams Field, Chandler, Arizona
- Lt. S. B. Armstrong | stationed at Hq, 10th AAF, Brooks Field, Texas | brother, observer
- Lynn C. Aldrich | Special Agent, CIC-AAF, PDMDO | interviewer
- Williams Field, Chandler, Arizona | Army Air Forces facility
- 10th AAF | Brooks Field, Texas
- Lake Meade vicinity, Nevada
- Grand Canyon, Arizona | at 25,000 feet
- Lake Meade, Nevada | approximately 10,000 feet altitude
- Flying at 25,000 feet over Grand Canyon, heading south toward Williams Field, Arizona
- Saw two round objects at inconceivable speed, straight down
- One of the unidentified objects followed the other seconds apart
- Due to speed of objects, could only see that they were circular
- Objects possibly light gray in color
- Estimated speed approximately twenty-five miles south of South Rim of Grand Canyon
- Formation of unexplainable objects in the vicinity of Lake Meade
- Objects heading south, approximately 10,000 feet altitude
- Brother Lt. S. B. Armstrong related sighting to Captain Armstrong
- McGinty stated his reactions were to turn away from the objects
- McGinty was certain the white objects were not birds since the rate was very fast
- Captain Armstrong could not give too much information on the objects his brother had seen
Page 49
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | document date
- 1947-07-21 | secondary date notation
- HQ Air Defense Command | Mitchell Field, New York
- Commanding General, Army Air Forces | Washington 25, D.C.
- CG, AMC | Wright Field
- Chief of Staff-Intelligence | Dayton, O.
- DC 333.5 ID (16 Jul 47) | enclosure
- MOIC | enclosed investigation document dated 7 Jul 47 and 15 Jul 47
Page 50
View PDF ↗- Headquarters Tenth Air Force | Brooks Field, San Antonio, Texas
- Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 | military intelligence
- Commanding General Air Defense Command | Mitchell Field, New York
- ATTN: Asst Chief of Staff, A-2
- Unidentifiable Objects | investigation initiated at Headquarters, Flying Division, Air Training Command, Randolph Field, Texas
- MOIC dtd 7 Jul 47 | enclosed investigation memorandum
- FDATC, w/1 Ind | letter from Flying Division, Air Training Command with one enclosure
- MOIC, dtd 15 Jul 1947 | enclosed investigation document
Page 51
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | date of observation (Sunday afternoon)
- 1947-08-01 | date letter written
- M. Lanore Gorey | author, witness | 2636 Magnolia Ave., Los Angeles 7, Calif.
- Hugh L. Dryden | Bureau of Standards official | mentioned as referral source
- Director of Military Intelligence | War Department, Washington 25, D.C. | recipient
- Bureau of Standards | referenced for experiments
- War Department | Washington 25, D.C.
- Los Angeles, California | observer location (Tarzana, Hollywood area)
- Ventura Boulevard | area of observation
- On Sunday afternoon, July 6, observer saw "flying saucers" appearing out of nowhere
- Multiple objects of uniform size spaced at regular intervals
- Objects turned corner from West, rolled along at great speed to Northward, parallel to Ventura Boulevard
- Milky white rays in sunlight seeming to arise cross-like from search lights
- Rays not spaced close together, crossed over each other
- Rays appeared to converge toward center but did not meet
- At center approximately eighteen inches radius: spinning objects of red substance color like Cornelian semi-precious stone
- Fragments were sharp, irregular, shining
- Flying about as if flying to magnet
- Phenomena described as momentary
- Observer saw one or two saucers still present before second phenomena occurred
- Second phenomena observed for a second before saucers out of sight
- Observer speculated perhaps rays did not come out of red fragments spinning in vortex
- Observer wondered if substance had been shot from saucers as they turned corner
- Observer concerned about showing deadly rays over crowded highway
- Observer considered duty to report incident
- Flying saucer phenomenon | mass psychology accounts mentioned
- Bureau of Standards | referenced for involvement in experiments
- "Fabulous Flying Saucers" | mentioned in context of phenomena
- "saucers" | repeated terminology for observed objects
Page 52
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | date of observation
- 1947-08-01 | date of letter
- M. Lanore Gorey | witness/author
- Mr. Dryden | Bureau of Standards official
observations (continued from page 051):
- Red fragments described as sharp, irregular, shining
- Fragments flying about as if flying to magnet
- Second phenomena momentary
- When looking to see if saucers still present, saw one or two but same thing happened again
- Second phenomena observed for a second before saucers out of sight
- On way home, tried to find logical explanation for "Saucers"
- Mind kept reverting to second phenomena
- Dwelt on phenomena and speculated rays might not come from red fragments spinning in vortex
- Wondered if substance had been shot from saucers as they turned corner from west on way to north
- Expressed concern army would not be shooting deadly rays over crowded highway
- Acknowledged whole thing seems fantastic
- Observer trusted someone's judgment who really knows what is going on
- Provided report on what was really saw and expressed curiosity about it
- "Saucers" | repeated terminology throughout account
- "second phenomena" | repeated reference to secondary observation
Page 53
View PDF ↗- Nelson | subject of investigation, theorist
- Kalman D. Simon | C.I., U.S. Army | investigator/author
- Lieutenant D. Nelson | appears to be same person
observations (Nelson's theory):
- Nelson observed unusual phenomena while driving automobile
- Noticed reflections appearing in automobile caused by bright objects
- Changes in speed of car resulted in changes in speed of objects
- Changes in direction resulted in changes in angle of travel of objects
- Observed reflections produced by visibility conditions of the road
- Nelson stated he has not talked to any person who had actually seen flying saucers or discs
- Nelson believed that reflections plus excitement and hysteria caused by other reports has been the basis for most flying saucer reports
- Subject also stated that same theory could be true in relation to flying saucers seen from aircraft
- Detailed statement by Nelson explaining his findings and solution to flying saucer mystery attached hereto
- Flying Saucer Mystery | Nelson's theory attempting to explain sightings
- Aircraft observations | Nelson's theory applied to aviator reports
Page 54
View PDF ↗- Most impressive reports from aviators claiming disc-shaped objects flying in formations at high altitudes and speeds
- First report from aviator stated flying discs had somewhat shiny appearance
- Objects would fly in formation and change position from time to time
- Most reports stated objects appeared in late afternoon or about dusk
- Most reports stated objects had appearance of inverted disc or saucer
- Some reported objects appeared to be rotating in flight
- Flying discs or saucers can be observed by motorist on highways when sun shining
- During daylight, most so-called flying discs are reflections from sun shining on bright objects in or on automobile
- Example given: driving north-westerly with sun shining on handle of front or rear door on left side, bright object appears in ventilation wing of window on driver's left if opened to 45 degrees angle
- Mystery of flying saucers or discs may be solved by use of applied science and simple experiments
- These flying discs can be observed by any motorist on highways in daylight
- Most reports can be explained as reflections from bright objects in automobiles
Page 55
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- Shiny objects may have various forms depending on number of reflections
- Objects may appear in sky when driver looks through ventilation wing glass
- Position in sky depends upon angle at which object is reflected in ventilation wing and position of observer
- Objects may have various forms but frequently saucer shape or flat shape when appear in sky
- Ventilation wing during day-light not perfect mirror
- Appears to driver or observer that actually looking through glass into sky
- As vehicle moves along, bright objects appear traveling at high rate of speed
- Speed comparison with stationary ground objects or distant horizon makes objects appear fast
- Speed comparison with faintly silhouetted objects on landscape reflected in window shows speed
- Flying saucer appears traveling in same general direction as automobile but sometimes slightly to right
- Apparent flight direction makes it appear saucer will eventually cross driver's path
- Apparent flight direction due to angle of ventilation wing glass in relation to car direction
- Number and position of saucers reflected in glass depend upon number and contour of objects reflected therein by sun
- Bright objects on approaching car from rear may cast reflections on ventilation wing in daytime
- Shiny objects from automobile reflections explain most flying saucer observations
- Multiple reflections can appear as single or multiple discs depending on circumstances
- Position and movement of objects depend on car movement and ventilation angle
Page 56
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- If ventilation wing window were perfect mirror, objects causing reflections would appear therein as well as all other objects within range
- Ventilation wing being sort of semi-mirror does not reflect object but only bright spot
- Bright spot leaves impression observer actually looking through glass
- Objects actually appear to be in sky or at times long distance away
- Results best obtained in late afternoon or after sun down
- Aviators reporting flying discs or saucers undoubtedly seeing reflection of bright objects in or on own plane
- Saw them as reflected in canopy or wind shield but failed to recognize them as reflections
- Otherwise were reflections from other aircraft
- Aviator traveling along observing disc movement in comparison with mountains, clouds or stationary earth objects made them appear traveling at high rate of speed
- Sloping angle of aviator's wind-shield and position in plane made discs appear in sky
- Position of discs depends upon position of observer and angle at which reflected in glass
- Some reports stated where more than one flying disc, appeared fastened together
- Frequently performed dipping or rising motion
- When one would dip, all would go through same motion simultaneously
- Simultaneous movement due to reflections all coming from same object
- Reflection theory explains all characteristics of aviator reports
- Dipping and rising motions consistent with vehicle movement
- Multiple discs explained by multiple reflections from single source
Page 57
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- If reflected from bright object in or on car or plane, up and down motion of car or plane causes flying discs to appear going through dipping and rising motion
- If reflecting object stationary and car moving, results will be same
- Statement that discs appeared rotating as sailed through atmosphere due to vibration of automobile or plane
- Vibrations make discs appear rotating at very high rate of speed
- Vibration what gives discs flat or disc-like shape also
- To see flying discs: make drive at about dusk or night
- Open ventilation wing window at about 45 degrees angle from driver's seat
- Watch reflections of stationary electric lights that appear on left, if driving
- After passing lights, see how many discs can observe flying through air
- If not too many lights to rear, may have perfect formation of beautiful flying discs
- May be red, green or silver according to color of electric lights passed
- Appear most realistic when traveling about forty-five or fifty miles per hour
- If not satisfactory results from first experiments, try again
- After learned when and where to look, observations become more pleasing and interesting
- Even lights of approaching automobile from rear may appear as one flying disc in ventilation wing
- Reflections of approaching lights appear in ventilation wing unless side of car protrudes out far enough to prevent light beam from shining on wing
- Flying saucer reflection theory can be demonstrated and tested through simple experiments
- Theory explains observed characteristics of flying saucer reports
- Observable phenomenon available to any motorist or aviator
Page 58
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- Approaching car lights best viewed when some distance away, perhaps quarter or half mile
- Results at night may not be impressive as late afternoon because ventilation wing window more perfect mirror at night
- Passing landscape not pronounced at night, therefore reflections more easily detected as reflections
- Late afternoon: feeling actually looking through glass and reflected objects appear more real
- Sun shining on bright ring on finger with hand on steering wheel may cast disc-like reflections in wind shield
- Form of reflection depends upon ornamental decorations on ring
- Rear door handle on observer's automobile reflects nine beautiful little silver flying discs in bright sunlight
- Appear in lower part of ventilation wing
- When traveling on level highway, appear racing along at road side
- Nine discs appear in formation of two rows of four each, with ninth one in lead at center of formation
- Appear as whirling propellers in vertical position
- Discs have streamers due to curvature and decorative pattern on handle
- While traveling north in early afternoon under bright sun, nine discs appeared far below to left, racing up valley at terrific rate
- Flying discs may be observed in own home
- Turn on small electric light in hall-way
- Look through window at other end of hall
- Flying saucer reflections demonstrable in multiple scenarios
- Household examples show universal applicability of reflection theory
- Multiple reflection sources can create complex patterns
Page 59
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- Appear best when approaching car some distance away, perhaps quarter or half mile
- Results at night may not be as impressive as late afternoon
- At night ventilation wing window makes more perfect mirror
- Passing landscape not as pronounced at night, therefore reflections more easily detected as reflections
- In late afternoon: feeling actually looking through glass and reflected objects appear more real
- Sun shining on bright ring on finger with hand resting on steering wheel may cast disc-like reflections in wind shield
- Form of reflection depends upon ornamental decorations on ring
- Rear door handle on observer's automobile reflects nine beautiful little silver flying discs in bright sunlight
- Appear in lower part of ventilation wing
- When traveling on level highway, appear racing along at road side
- Nine discs appear in formation: two rows of four each, ninth one in lead at center of formation
- Appear as whirling propellers in vertical position
- Discs have streamers due to curvature and decorative pattern on handle
- While traveling north in early afternoon under bright sun, nine discs appeared far below to left, racing up valley at terrific rate
- Can observe flying discs in own home
- Turn on small electric light in hall-way
- Look through window at other end of hall [text appears to continue on next page]
- Flying saucer theory applicable to household scenarios
- Natural optical phenomena of reflections explain saucer sightings
- Multiple examples demonstrate universal applicability
Page 60
View PDF ↗observations (continued):
- Appear best when approaching car at distance of quarter or half mile
- Results at night may not be as impressive as late afternoon
- At night ventilation wing window makes more perfect mirror
- Passing landscape not as pronounced, reflections more easily detected as reflections
- Late afternoon: feeling actually looking through glass and reflected objects appear more real
- Sun shining on bright ring on finger with hand on steering wheel may cast disc-like reflections in wind shield
- Form of reflection depends on ornamental decorations on ring
- Rear door handle reflects nine beautiful little silver flying discs in bright sunlight
- Appear in lower part of ventilation wing
- When traveling on level highway appear racing along at road side
- Nine discs in formation: two rows of four, ninth in lead at center
- Appear as whirling propellers in vertical position
- Have streamers due to curvature and decorative pattern on handle
- While traveling north in early afternoon under bright sun, nine discs appeared far below to left, racing up valley at terrific rate
- Can observe flying discs in own home
- Turn on small electric light in hall-way
- Look through window at other end of hall [text cuts off but appears to continue with household demonstration]
- Flying saucer phenomenon successfully explained by reflection theory
- Optical effects from reflections in automobile and aircraft windows account for reports
- Theory demonstrable through multiple practical examples
- Flying saucer mystery | solved through reflection theory
- Aviator reports | explained as reflections in aircraft windows
- Motorist observations | explained as automobile window reflections
Page 61
View PDF ↗- "you may see as many as three flying discs from one electric light bulb, which may have more or less of a bell shape" | author of letter
- "These discs many times appear as inverted saucers, and if you will change your position slowly you will see that they change their position also" | author
- "Those are best observed in the late afternoon or between sun down and dusk" | author
- "Some of the reports on flying saucers, heretofore not explained in this article, such as those reported seeing bright flashes in the sky, were no doubt reflected sun-light from planes" | author
- "Many of the reports around July 4th. were incited by various forms of fire works" | author
- "To watch the discs, through your ventilation wing, sail along with you as you drive through the country, becomes very fascinating, especially if you use a little imagination." | author
- "I would admonish automobile drivers watching the flying discs, to be cautious and not run off the road or into some other car." | author
- "If the plane is very high it may not be seen by the observer, which may be due to impaired vision or the great height at which the plane is flying." | author
- "We very often get these same blinding flashes from automobile wind-shields." | author
Page 62
View PDF ↗- "Some reports stemmed from pure imagination or hysteria, while others were deliberate hoaxes" | author
- "Any other reports can be explained if all the surrounding facts are known" | author
- "Most all of the reports and descriptions of the flying saucers coincide so clearly with the findings herein, that there could be no doubt but that we have the correct solution" | author
- "The foregoing statement may not be couched in precise scientific terms and may not be scientifically exact, however, we believe it is so worded that the average layman can understand it and that it is sufficiently correct to prove the proposition" | author
- "Personally, I do not believe that the so-called flying saucers or the solution thereof, are of any military value, unless the Government wished to retain this information for the psychological effect upon any potential enemy nation, such as Germany did in regard to their so-called secret weapons during the war" | author
Page 63
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-07 | memo date
- 1947-07 | period when sightings occurred
- Dr. E. Tousey | Micron Waves Section Head | Naval Research Laboratory | recipient/subject
- John F. Cole | astronomer | private observer | witness/author of letter excerpt
- Lt. Col. G. D. Garrett | Air A-3 | Fourth Air Force | requester
- William P. Mellen | Major, Air Corps | AMC Liaison Officer | Naval Research Laboratory | memo author/signature
- Naval Research Laboratory | U.S. Navy
- Fourth Air Force | U.S. Army Air Forces
- Collection Branch | AAF | Washington
- previous letters to this office taken from interviews at the request of Lt. Col. G. D. Garrett | information source
- unidentified objects reported in New England area | subject matter
Page 64
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-28 | letter date
- 1947-07-03 | sighting date, about 14:30 P.M. (summer time) or Greenwich Civil time 18:30 hours
- John F. Cole | astronomer, observer | private | author/witness
- Dr. E. Tousey | Micron Waves Section Head | Naval Research Laboratory | recipient
- [unnamed observer companion] | private observer | witness
- South Brooksville, Maine | observation location
- Cox's hill | observation point
- Backwood's Mount (Harborside) | reference landmark
- North Haven greenstone cracks | geographic reference
- Eastport, Bar Harbor, Belfast | potential naval demonstration locations
- "The group appeared to be at an altitude of about 50 degrees. What first made me look up was the unusually loud roar and I was surprised not to see a well defined group of planes quite near. Instead I had to look rather sharply to see the bunch of very light colored objects, in a general northerly direction and traveling roughly in a NW (true) direction." | witness
- "The group could hardly have covered more than 140 angular diameter in the sky, and bunched rather closely with no regular formation. There might have been 10, I couldn't say and with 90% of arc spread, would easily be within the limit of visibility for discreet objects." | witness
- "The only concrete evidence of form appeared on the left tangent of the group—two darker shaped forms: [sketch notation] which may have been tail wings." | witness
- "The loud roar suggests they may have been much closer, and rather small. The sky background was hazy blue, and the sun behind me. One plane towing a lot of balloons, I believe, would have been easily recognised." | witness
- "It should be easy to determine if the 'disks' were a new type jet plane, or bomber, or rocket." | witness
- "The group could hardly have covered more than 140 angular diameter in the sky" | witness estimate
- Speed estimate: "with 30 degrees arc travel at a 10 mi. distance would be roughly 6 miles in 15 seconds or 20 mi. per minute or 1200 mi. per hour!—rather fast for a bomber." | witness calculation
- "Having in mind the ridicule which has been heaped on those innocent or perhaps gullible individuals who have reported disks, I would be a little cautious in interpreting. But it is safe to say truthfully, that something unusual attracted my attention, and I was in a perfectly sober condition, barring the mild stimulation, afforded by cool spring water filtering through North Haven greenstone cracks." | Cole
- "A 50 ft. object at 5 miles dist. would be about 600 mi. per hr.—also fast going." | Cole analysis
- "Doesn't the Douglas bomber have these? And since they were in no regular formation, but seemed among themselves to be moving irregularly like a swarm of bees why shouldn't all of them have shown wings?" | Cole
- "Navy any Meteorites been reported? At that time of day, has there been any abrupt change of radio field strength? or ionization?" | Cole
Page 65
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-25 | memo date
- 1947-07-07 | sighting date (approximately three weeks prior to memo)
- 22:30 or 23:00 EDT | sighting time, preparing to go to bed
- [Office of the Air Inspector author] | Air Force officer | U.S. Army Air Forces | witness/author
- [unnamed wife] | private observer | spouse | witness
- Mr. Butler | staff | Counter Intelligence Branch | requester
- Office of the Air Inspector | U.S. Army Air Forces
- AC/AS-2, Counter Intelligence Branch | U.S. Army Air Forces
- 2807 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia | observation location
- [southern direction] | object direction of travel
- "At the time of these events, as I sat facing the windows, a light appeared at the right-hand edge of the extreme end window and moved rapidly along to disappear below the trees or horizon, or to be extinguished in some fashion at some place in a general southerly direction." | witness
- Illustration No. 1 shows room layout; Illustration No. 2 shows tentative sketch of light movement
Page 66
View PDF ↗- "I had just turned off the light by my bedside, but sat down on the side of the bed to listen to the end of a radio program before reclining. In the meantime, my wife and I were having some conversation about the selection of certain furniture for a home we had just purchased." | witness
- "At the time of these events, as I sat facing the windows, a light appeared at the right-hand edge of the extreme end window and moved rapidly along to disappear below the trees of horizon, or to be extinguished in some fashion at some place in a general southerly direction." | witness
- Object appeared in closest proximity at position AC on sketch, approximately three-quarters of a mile away
- "At the time, since my attention was divided and absorbed among the subjects mentioned, my reaction was simply that 'a light passed by,' and I gave no further thought to the matter until some moments later, when the thought came to me that I had never seen such an object before" | witness
- "although the first explanation would have been that a meteor had fallen toward earth in that direction, it did not have the appearance of any meteor or 'shooting star' I had ever seen" | witness
- The observer initially dismissed the sighting as a shooting star but on reflection found this explanation unsatisfactory
- "Thinking of the then-prevalent talk of flying disks, I reflected that probably some such thing as I had just seen was the source of a large amount of newspaper and radio publicity on the subject." | witness
- "The next morning I jestingly announced in the office that I saw a flying saucer the night before and thought that it was enroute to Alexandria, where some of our officers live." | witness
- "After we had discussed the general topic for some time, I dropped the subject, not wishing to add to the supposed rumors, which I envisioned as a source of serious panic over the country." | witness
Page 67
View PDF ↗- "A description of the light, or object is almost impossible, since observation of it was so limited." | witness
- "The object appeared to pass in closest proximity to me at the time it came into view. All of my mental calculations were based upon some impression or conception of its distance at the closest point, (AC)." | witness
- Distance AC estimated as three-quarters of a mile
- "One factor which I could judge quite reliably was the angular elevation. This must have been approximately 3 or 4 degrees, at any rate, the light was intermittently behind the tallest trees forward of my position as it passed, and these trees are of a normal height, perhaps sixty or eighty feet at a distance several blocks." | witness
- "Based upon a mild assumption as to distance, and a reasonable assumption as to angular elevation, the object would be at a low altitude, considerably below 500 feet, and of a size approximating a small airplane, say 30 feet across." | witness
- "The shape may have been round, oval, discal, or irregular; at the speed with which it travelled, I could only perceive it as a 'blob.'" | witness
- "In color, the subject had the appearance of a reflected white light, a cool, bright white light with no red in it, like the moon on a clear night. There was no train visible to me in the form of fire, smoke, or sparks." | witness
- Weather was scattered to broken clouds with visibility of 10-12 miles per Bolling Field weather office records
- "I do not personally remember the weather condition, except that I am sure it was not raining." | witness
- "The cloud condition is further indication that the object was not necessarily a meteor, since it might have been impossible to see a meteor." | witness
- "It might be well to point out here the relative similarity in size, altitude and airspeed of a firefly at a distance of 30 feet, an airplane at about 3/4 mile, and a meteor at several hundred miles. Most of us are familiar with this illusion." | witness
Page 68
View PDF ↗- "Although I could not accurately judge the time, I seem to recall the object or light was visible for a couple of seconds." | witness
- "Taking this figure literally and applying it to the sketch, No. 2, one could roughly compute the speed of the object at 1350 mph; however, I did not sense that it was moving with such great speed as this. It rather appeared to move with the speed of a jet-powered airplane." | witness
- "It did not deviate from a straight course while I observed it, and did not perceptibly lose altitude." | witness
- "In color, the subject had the appearance of a reflected white light, a cool, bright white light with no red in it, like the moon on a clear night. There was no train visible to me in the form of fire, smoke, or sparks." | witness
- Weather consisted of scattered to broken clouds with visibility of 10-12 miles at the time
- "The cloud condition is further indication that the object was not necessarily a meteor, since it might have been impossible to see a meteor." | witness
- "At the time of this occurrence, I was not inclined to think of it seriously enough to wake my wife and describe it to her, nor by any reasoning to make official report." | witness
- "As time passed, I thought considerably about the fleeting glimpses I had of whatever I saw, and am still somewhat confused, but feel that it was some natural phenomenon which occurs but rarely." | witness
- "I have flown approximately 2500 hours during the past seven years and being generally familiar with aspects of aviation am emphatically state that (a) it was no weather balloon, (b) it was not the flash of a beacon on the cloud-base, (c) it could hardly have been an airplane on fire, since it would have at least crashed in this general area, (d) it was not entirely a result of imagination, and (e) it was not spending much time in one place." | witness qualifications and conclusions
Page 69
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-28 | memo date
- 1947-07-21 | interview date when additional information was obtained
- 1947-07-18 | original letter to recipient's office
- C. H. Zohn | private observer | witness
- C. C. Rockwood | private observer | witness/mentioned in previous letter
- William P. Mellen | Major, Air Corps | AMC Liaison Officer | Naval Research Laboratory | memo author/signature
- Naval Research Laboratory | U.S. Navy
- Army Liaison Office | U.S. Army
- Navy Department | U.S. Navy
- "C. C. Rockwood reports the object to have been either a silvery sphere or disc, which he would have taken to be a meteorological balloon except for the fact that it was travelling at a much higher velocity than the automobile and approximately in the same direction." | witness observation
- "The automobile was moving about 60 mph. There was little, if any, surface wind." | context
- "When first seen at an elevation of about 45 degrees it appeared about of the same size as the sun." | witness observation
- "He could hear nothing above the noise of the car. It's saw no smoke or contrails." | witness observation
- "Its motion was apparently all horizontal. Its aspect did not change so far as could be observed during the time of observation." | witness observation
- "He thought it disappeared by simply becoming too small to see." | witness assessment
- letter to recipient's office, dated 18 July 1947, re: interview with Mr. C. H. Zohn | information source
- mention of C. C. Rockwood in that previous letter as having also seen the object | source
Page 70
View PDF ↗Page 71
View PDF ↗Page 72
View PDF ↗Page 73
View PDF ↗- 1947-08-08 | message date
- 08:00 Aug. 1947 | time of message origin
- 1200 EDT 9 Aug. | reception time
- 1947-01-16 | sighting date, 22:30 hours
- 1947-07-29 | original request date (Your AIX 14 July 29th)
- A.H. LONDON | RAF | originating agency
- FAFDEL | U.S. Army Air Forces | recipient agency
- Joint Communications Office | message routing
- North Sea | sighting area
- Dutch coast | reference point for sighting start, approximately 50 miles from location
- Norfolk | sighting area, where chase ended at 23:00 hours
- "During normal night flying practice at 2230 hours on 16th January, 1947, one of our Mosquitoes was vectored on to an unidentified aircraft at 22,000 feet. A long chase ensued commencing over the North Sea about 50 miles from the Dutch coast and ending at 2300 hours over Norfolk." | message content
- "Two brief AI contacts were made but faded quickly. The unidentified aircraft appeared to take efficient controlled evasive action." | observation
Page 74
View PDF ↗- AFBIR-CO | U.S. Army Air Forces | analyzing agency
- Fourth Air Force | U.S. Army Air Forces | contact for obtaining statements
- "Each report was assigned a number and each number appears in the left-hand column of the data on the following pages." | organizational method
- "One report, number 7, has not yet been received and therefore no information is included other than Date, Name of Observer, and Location. The Fourth Air Force is attempting to secure a statement from this observer." | status note
- "Four reports, Numbers 2, 4, 17, and 18, have not been analyzed." | status note
- Date
- Hour (Local standard Time)
- Location
- Observer's Name
- Observer's Occupation
- Observed from Ground or Air
- Number of Objects Sighted
- Altitude
- Direction of Flight
- Speed
- Distance Covered
- Length of Time in Flight
- Deviation from Straight Flight
- Color
- Size
- Shape
- Sound
- Trail
- Weather
- Manner of Disappearance
- Remarks
Page 75
View PDF ↗- 1947-05-19 | Report 1, time 1215
- 1947-05-22 | Report 2
- 1947-06-22 | Report 3, time 1130
- 1947-06-24 | Report 4
- 1947-06-28 | Report 5, time 2120
- 1947-06-29 | Report 6, time 1330
- 1947-07-01 | Report 7
- 1947-07-04 | Report 8, time 2015
- 1947-07-06 | Report 9, time 1345
- 1947-07-06 | Report 10
- 1947-07-07 | Report 11, time 1145
- 1947-07-07 | Report 12, time 1430
- 1947-07-08 | Report 13, time 1550
- 1947-07-09 | Report 14, time 2330
- 1947-07-10 | Report 15, time 1600
- 1947-07-12 | Report 16, time 1830
- Report 17 | (no date given)
- Report 18 | (no date given)
- Manitou Springs, Colorado | Report 1
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | Report 2
- Greenfield, Massachusetts | Report 3
- Mt. Rainier, Washington | Report 4
- Maxwell Field, Alabama | Report 5
- Nera White Sands, New Mexico | Report 6
- Bakersfield, California | Report 7
- Emmett, Idaho | Report 8
- Clay Center, Kansas | Report 9
- Fairfield-Suisun, California | Report 10
- Koshkonong, Wisconsin | Report 11
- East Troy, Wisconsin | Report 12
- Mt. Baldy, California | Report 13
- Grand Falls, Newfoundland | Report 14
- Harmon Field, Newfoundland | Report 15
- Elmendorf Field, Alaska | Report 16
- All times listed as Local Standard Time as indicated on page
- Reports 17 and 18 have no location information shown on this page
Page 76
View PDF ↗- D. A. Houser | Railroad Employee | Pikes Peak Railway | observer
- F. J. Smith | Railroad Employee | Pikes Peak Railway | observer
- L. D. Jamison | Railroad Employee | Pikes Peak Railway | observer
- Byron Savage | Businessman-Pilot | | observer
- E. L. DeRose | Not stated | | observer
- Kenneth Arnold | Businessman-Pilot | | observer
- Wilson H. Kayko | Captain, AAF | | observer
- John H. Cantrell | Captain, AAF | | observer
- Hedman | | | observer
- Theodore Dewey | 1st Lieut., AAF | | observer
- C. H. Zohn | Employee, NRL | | observer
- J. R. Kauke | Employee, NRL | | observer
- C. C. Rockwood | | | observer
- Nancy Rockwood | Wife of C.C. Rockwood | | observer
- Richard Rankin | Civilian Pilot | | observer
- E. J. Smith | United Air Lines Pilot | | observer
- Ralph Stevens | United Air Lines Co-Pilot | | observer
- A. B. Browning | Major, AAF | | observer
- Jas. H. Burniston | Captain, AAF | | observer
- Not stated | CAP Instructor | | observer
- Not stated | CAP Student | | observer
- Not stated | CAP Pilot | | observer
- Alvin E. Moorman | CAP Passenger | | observer
- Irie Kedsey | 1st Lieut., ACCWG | | observer
- Mr. Yehrman | Constable, Newfoundland Constabulary | | observer
- Mr. Woodruff | TWA Representative | | observer
- Graham | FAA Representative | | observer
- [Several other officers] | Major, AAY | | observer
- Report contains asterisk notation: "From letter received, observer is obviously well educated."
- This appears to be an index or summary sheet documenting witnesses across multiple reports numbered 1-16
Page 77
View PDF ↗- Report 1 | Climbed, dove, hovered overhead, resumed original course | Silver color | Apparently small size
- Report 2 | [no deviation noted] | |
- Report 3 | None reported | Silver, very bright color | Small size
- Report 4 | [blank] | |
- Report 5 | Zig zag course "much like a waterbug" | Brilliance slightly greater than a star | Not stated size
- Report 6 | None reported | Some solar specular reflection | Not stated size
- Report 7 | [blank] | |
- Report 8 | None reported | Almost dusk; could not distinguish | Impossible to determine size
- Report 9 | None reported | Very bright and silvery colored | 30-50' in diameter
- Report 10 | None reported | Reflection from sun | Comparable to C-54 at 10,000 feet
- Report 11 | Descended edgewise, stopped at 4,000 feet and assumed horizontal position. Proceeded in horizontal flight for 15 seconds, stopped again, then disappeared | Not stated color | Not stated size
- Report 12 | None reported | Not stated color | Not stated size
- Report 13 | None reported | Of light-reflecting nature | Apparent depth of P-51
- Report 14 | None reported | Phosphorous color | Not stated size
- Report 15 | None reported | Silvery color | Same span as C-54 at 10,000 feet
- Report 16 | Followed contours of mountains five miles away from observers | Resembled a grayish balloon | Approx. 10' in diameter
Page 78
View PDF ↗- Report 1 | No definite shape could be determined | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 2 | | | |
- Report 3 | Irregular; round, did not appear particularly disc-shaped | No sound | No trail | Not stated weather
- Report 4 | | | |
- Report 5 | None stated; seemed like a bright light | No sound | No trail | Clear moonlight
- Report 6 | No details other than shape was uniform with no trails or protuberances | No sound | Possible vapor trails | CAVU weather
- Report 7 | | | |
- Report 8 | None definite, but seemed flat on base with top slightly rough in contour | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 9 | Round, disc-shaped | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 10 | No shape could be distinguished | No sound | No trail | Sunny weather
- Report 11 | Not stated, but report refers to "saucer" several times | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 12 | Same as Report No. 11 | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 13 | Flat object, of light-reflecting nature which appeared to be without vertical fin or any visible wings | No sound | No trail | Not stated weather
- Report 14 | Egg-shaped, or like barrel head | No sound | No trail | CAVU weather
- Report 15 | Circular in shape, like wagon wheel | No sound | Bluish black trail approx. 15 mi. long | Clear with scattered cumulus at 8-10,000 feet
- Report 16 | Resembled balloon | No sound | No trail | Not stated weather
Page 79
View PDF ↗- Report 1 | Climbed very fast and out of sight | Object appeared small; binoculars could not bring into focus
- Report 3 | Obscured by a cloud bank | Observer well-educated; seeks no publicity
- Report 5 | Lost in brilliancy of the moon | Two air intelligence observers; phoned Field Ops to verify no scheduled experiments in vicinity; sky chart attached
- Report 6 | Cannot explain, except that reflection angle may have changed abruptly | Observer is Administrative Assistant in Rocket Sonde Section of NRL; two "scientists" and wife present; made same observation
- Report 8 | Don't know whether they put on a tremendous burst of speed, or disintegrated. However, they did disappear into sunset | Observers were Pilot, Co-Pilot of scheduled UAL DC-3; stewardess also saw objects; suggest reading of very detailed statements
- Report 9 | Unexplained | When observer first sighted object near horizon, he looked at chart in lap to check position; when he looked out window again, object was off his left wing at 11 o'clock
- Report 10 | Disappeared at an angle of about 30° above the earth's surface | Rolled from side to side 3 times in its path across the sky; sun reflected from top side, but never from underside, even when turning
- Report 11 | Unexplained | None
- Report 12 | Unexplained | None
- Report 13 | Pilot (at 300 MPH) attempted to keep object in sight, but unable to do so | Observer contacted bases in area which reported no aircraft in air at time
- Report 14 | Unexplained | First 4 discs flying line-abreast seemed to cut clouds open as it passed through; trail was like beam seen after a high-powered landing light if switched off
- Report 15 | Unexplained | Object was observed paralleling the course of a C-47 then landing
- Report 16 | Not stated |
Page 80
View PDF ↗- 1947-05-19 | Date of alleged sighting by Houser, Smith, and Jamison
- 1947-06-27 | Date information was reported to Counter Intelligence Corps at HQ Fifteenth Air Force
- 1947-07-02 | Report date
- D. A. Houser | employee of Pikes Peak Railway | Pikes Peak Railway | observer/reporter
- F. J. Smith | employee of Pikes Peak Railway | Pikes Peak Railway | observer/reporter
- L. D. Jamison | employee of Pikes Peak Railway | Pikes Peak Railway | observer/reporter
- [Train crew member] | member of train crew | Pikes Peak Railway | observer
- Pikes Peak Railway | | Manitou Springs, Colorado
- Headquarters Fifteenth Air Force | U.S. Air Force | Colorado Springs, Colorado
- Counter Intelligence Corps | U.S. Army
- Manitou Mountain | Colorado | area where object was observed
- Pikes Peak area | Colorado | observation area
Page 81
View PDF ↗- 1947-05-17 to 1947-05-21 | Period between which Byron Savage allegedly observed the flying disc, just after dusk
- 1947-07-23 | Date of interview with Savage
- 1947-07-24 | Report date
- Byron C. Savage | Field Engineer, Radio Corporation of America, Dallas, Texas | Radio Corporation of America | observer/witness
- James L. Brown | General Manager of Statesman Newspapers, incorporated in Idaho | Statesman Newspapers | mentioned in assignment
- Radio Corporation of America | contractor | Dallas, Texas
- Oklahoma City Air Materiel Area | U.S. Air Force | Tinker Field, Oklahoma City
- Statesman Newspapers | corporation | Idaho
- Savage was sure object was not a meteor and in his opinion must be radically built and powered, probably atomic
- Savage has held pilot's certificate since 1934 and has been flying since 1929
- Savage expressed willingness to answer further inquiries and cooperate in every way possible
- Form number: MOOCAMA FORM NO. 5-506
- File number: #3724-I
Page 82
View PDF ↗- Byron C. Savage | Field Engineer, Radio Corporation of America, Dallas, Texas | Radio Corporation of America | observer
- Kalman D. Simon | C.I., U.S. Army | Counter Intelligence | investigator/author
- Savage advised he has held a pilot's certificate since 1934 and has been flying since 1929
- Savage would be glad to answer any further inquiries and will cooperate in every way possible
- Savage was sure object was not a meteor and in his opinion it must be radically built and powered, probably atomic
- Memo to Security Officer, OCAMA, Tinker Field, dtd 7/24/47, File 3724-I
- Document signed by Kalman D. Simon, C.I., U.S. Army
Page 83
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-22 | Date of alleged flying disc sighting (Sunday, about 11:30 a.m.)
- 1947-07-10 | Letter date
- Edward L. DeRose | observer/correspondent | Air Force Officer | observer/author
- Commanding Officer | recipient | Westover Field, Massachusetts | recipient
- [Archie P. Roy] | signature on certified copy | Captain, Air Corps | certifying officer
- 121 Meridian Street | Greenfield, Massachusetts | DeRose's address
- Westover Field | Massachusetts | recipient address
- DeRose attempted to give information as accurately and clearly as possible, free from imagination or exaggeration
- DeRose's experience took place before he had any inkling that "flying discs" were reported seen
- DeRose does not desire to have any kind of publicity whatsoever in this connection
- Information being passed on for whatever it may be worth, purely and simply in interests of national security
- Document marked "A CERTIFIED TRUE COPY"
- Document shows signature line: /s/ Edward L. DeRose
Page 84
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-10 | Date of prior forwarding memo referenced from Headquarters Air Defense Command
- 1947-07-17 | Memo date
- Donald L. Springer | Lt. Colonel, OSC | Headquarters Fourth Air Force | author
- Richard Rankin | observer/witness | location unknown | subject to be located
- [Brown] | MOIC person | referenced in enclosures | information collector
- Headquarters Fourth Air Force | U.S. Air Force | Office of Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 Intelligence, Hamilton Field, California
- Army Air Forces | | Washington 25, D.C. | recipient
- Headquarters Air Defense Command | | Mitchel Field, N.Y. | prior source
- [Unknown investigative unit] | | | referenced for MOIC forwarding
- Statement regarding inability to locate Richard Rankin; will be forwarded directly to receiving office once located
- Information copies furnished to Headquarters Air Defense Command
- Distribution: Info cc to ADC
- Four MOIC enclosures referenced, all dated 16 Jul/Brown and marked (dup)
- File reference: 4AFDA 353.6 ID
Page 85
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-12 | Date of telephone call to Idaho Daily Statesman newspaper office
- 1947-06-26 | Date Arnold made statements to national news services about flying disc sighting
- 1947-07-09 | Kenneth Arnold's alleged sighting date (referenced as recent)
- 1947-06-09 (referenced as "9 objects") | Initial date for flying disc observations
- David N. Johnson | aviation editor, Idaho Daily Statesman | Idaho Daily Statesman newspaper | interviewed
- Kenneth Arnold | private flier | Boise, Idaho | subject of inquiry/observer
- [CIC investigator] | | | investigator
- Idaho Daily Statesman | newspaper | Boise, Idaho
- Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) | U.S. Army | | investigating unit
- Cascade Mountain Range | Washington | location of alleged sighting
- Idaho Daily Statesman office | Boise, Idaho | location of interview
- Johnson stated anything Mr. Arnold said could be taken very seriously
- Johnson actually believed that Mr. Arnold had seen the aforementioned flying disks
- It is the personal opinion of the interviewer that Mr. Johnson actually saw what he states that he saw in the attached report
- It is also the opinion of the interviewer that Mr. Johnson would have much more to lose than gain and would have to be very strongly convinced that he actually saw something before he would report such an incident and open himself for the ridicule that would accompany such a report
- Johnson is a man of approximately 33 to 35 years of age
- Johnson appears as a very reserved type of person
- Johnson has logged 2800 hours of flying time in various types of airplanes up to and including multi-engine aircraft
- During part of the war years, Johnson was the first pilot of a B-29 type aircraft assigned to the Twentieth USAAF and stationed on Tinian Island, in the Pacific
- Investigator notes Johnson would have strong motivation to be truthful
Page 86
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-06 | Date Johnson received assignment from James L. Brown
- 1947-07-07 | Date of first aerial search mission with Kenneth Arnold as passenger
- 1947-07-08 | Date of second aerial search mission in AT-6 aircraft
- 1947-07-09 | Date of third aerial search mission in national guard AT-6
- 1947-07-12 | Date of sworn statement
- David N. Johnson | pilot, first pilot of B-29, member of 190th Fighter Squadron | Idaho National Guard | affiant/investigator
- Kenneth Arnold | passenger pilot | | passenger on first search mission
- James L. Brown | general manager of Statesman Newspapers | Statesman Newspapers Inc. | assignment provider
- Statesman Newspapers Inc. | The Statesman Printing Company | Idaho | newspaper
- 190th Fighter Squadron | Idaho National Guard | | Johnson's unit
- Sanford Plant | | Washington | location referenced
- Mt. Rainier | | Washington | location referenced
- Mt. Adams | | Washington | location referenced
- Mountain Home Army Air Base | | Idaho | location referenced
- Sawtooth Mountains | | Idaho | location referenced
- Shafer Butte Forest Service | | Idaho | location referenced
- Horseshoe Bend Area | | Idaho | location referenced
- At time Johnson reached point between Boise and Meridien, flying at altitude of 14,000 feet mean sea level (mean average 11,000 feet above earth, not considering altimeter errors)
- Johnson turned aircraft on easterly heading, pointing toward Gowen Field
- Flew on course for perhaps a minute when there suddenly appeared in left hand portion of field of vision a black and round object
Page 87
View PDF ↗- Johnson states the purpose of relating over the air what he saw was to enable rapid transmission of report to newspaper
- At that time Johnson was on assignment and energies were devoted to (1) transmitting information and (2) conducting further search, which was done after landing for fuel and making telephone calls
Page 88
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-09 | Date of initial sighting and first follow-up search
- 1947-07-09 | Date of second search within half an hour of landing from first one
- David N. Johnson | pilot | Idaho National Guard, 190th Fighter Squadron | observer/affiant
- Kenneth Arnold | passenger pilot | | mentioned as previously flown with
- [Unnamed F-51 pilot] | Fighter pilot | 190th Squadron | search participant
- [Unnamed C-82 pilot] | transport pilot | | search participant
- [Unnamed P-51 pilots] | Fighter pilots | | afternoon search participants
- [Three ground observers] | Military personnel | United Air Lines/National Guard | corroborating witnesses
- Idaho National Guard | | Idaho | Johnson's unit
- 190th Squadron | | Idaho | fighter unit
- United Air Lines | | Gowen Field, Idaho | mentioned for ground observers
- Gowen Field | U.S. Army Air Force | Idaho | airfield
- This is the extent of the story, and information concerning Johnson is now in order
- Johnson has approximately 2800 hours of flying time in equipment ranging from primary trainers to B-29s
- That does not increase Johnson's powers of observation except as to those practiced daily by an airman
Page 89
View PDF ↗- David N. Johnson | pilot | Idaho National Guard, 190th Fighter Squadron | affiant/observer
- Kenneth Arnold | pilot/observer | | referenced for comparison
- Captain Smith | United Air Lines pilot | | referenced for comparison
- Johnson does not believe he was victim of suggestion or hypnosis
- Johnson is familiar with optical illusion of fixed object beginning to move after it is watched sufficient length of time
- Johnson knows what tricks the eyes will play as to moving bodies
- Johnson has learned of this particularly during night formation flying
- Johnson saw the object appear suddenly. If it had moved in jerky fashion (as it did at first) for full length of time Johnson observed it, Johnson would not be so strong in saying that Johnson saw something not an aircraft, not a balloon, and not a coruscale moving across retina of either eye
- The maneuver described by the object when its edge was presented to Johnson convinces Johnson that Johnson saw an object actually performing in erratic flight path
Page 90
View PDF ↗- David N. Johnson | pilot, B-29 first pilot | Idaho National Guard, 190th Fighter Squadron | affiant
- [R. M. Stohr] | developer/processor | Eastman laboratories | referenced for film development
- Johnson has approximately 2800 hours of flying time in equipment ranging from primary trainers to B-29s; that does not increase Johnson's powers of observation except as to those practiced daily by an airman
- It does not make Johnson's eyesight any sharper except again as to the incidental demands upon the eyes of a pilot
- At time of experience, Johnson had flown fourteen and one-half hours on assignment to find disc and if possible photograph it; in all frankness, Johnson was tired; may have been suffering, although slightly, from want of oxygen
- Prior to sighting object, Johnson had concluded there was no point in pressing search, would probably never see disc-like objects referred to by Arnold and by Captain Smith of United Air Lines
- At all times during search, both on that day and two preceding days (particularly when with Arnold), Johnson had literally talked to himself to keep beating into his head that he would not fall victim to power of suggestion or self-hypnosis arising from naturally very intent desire to find disc and bring success to assignment
- Johnson does not believe he was victim of suggestion or hypnosis
- Johnson is familiar with optical illusion of fixed object beginning to move after watched sufficient length of time
- Johnson knows what tricks eyes will play as to moving bodies
- Johnson has learned of this particularly during night formation flying
- Johnson saw object appear suddenly; if it had moved in jerky fashion (as it did at first) for full length of time observed, Johnson would not be so strong in saying that he saw something not aircraft, not balloon, and not coruscale moving across retina of either eye
- Maneuver described by object when edge was presented to Johnson convinces Johnson that he saw object actually performing in erratic flight path
- Statement ends abruptly mid-page, likely continued on next page
- Reference to Eastman laboratories processing photography but exact location is illegible
Page 91
View PDF ↗- David M. Johnson | Witness/Affiant | Private citizen, pilot
- Geo. L. Flaherty | Notary public | Ada County, Idaho | notary
- Mr. Brown | Investigator | | recipient of witness statement
- Captain Davidson | Military officer | | recipient of witness statement
- Stohr | Optical/photography expert | | analysis of filmed evidence
- Film analysis of alleged object: exposure f.16, stop set at infinity, speed of 16 frames per second; location 241 Battery Street, San Francisco showed no trace of object; if object was more than a mile distant from observer's stated position, would not have registered on film; object probably too far away to be apparent even through great enlargement of negative
- Observer's conviction about reality of observation: described moment as "too vivid, too realistic" and states he "knew in the air when I saw that partial slow roll or barrel roll, that I was not a victim of illusion"
- Previous mention of chart depicting movements of object
- Stohr (optical analyst): object probably too far away to register on film; without telescopic equipment on lens, enlargement capability limited | Stohr
- Johnson: I am convinced the impression of the moment was too vivid and realistic to be illusory | Johnson
- Johnson: "I cannot bring myself to the point of thinking I did not see anything" | Johnson
- Chart attached depicting movements of object as observed
- Central Air Service | referenced as location of witness employment
- "I have 'worried over this matter a great deal since seeing it. I 'took myself aside' and said, 'come now, Johnson, don't be stupid.' But I cannot bring myself to the point of thinking I did not see anything. The impression of the moment was too vivid, too realistic, and I knew in the air when I saw that partial slow roll or barrel roll, that I was not a victim of illusion." | Johnson
- "I trust this matter will be of help to those investigating the flying disc phenomena which have been reported." | Johnson
Page 92
View PDF ↗- Chart shows object appeared as "black" at all times observed
- Position (1): Initial position with jerky, rising motion
- Position (2): Second position during rising phase
- Position (3): Third position during jerky rising motion
- Position (4): Position where object rolled/presented edge to observer
- Position (5): Final position after rolling and maneuvering to edge-on presentation
- Movement sequence: Object followed jerky rising pattern, then rolled/presented edge, followed dotted line while rolling over top of maneuver, disappearing at position (5)
- Flight path depicted with dotted lines showing path continuity despite altitude changes
Page 93
View PDF ↗Page 94
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-23 | Date of observation (night of 23 June 1947)
- 1947-07-07 | Date of report
- Captain Wilson H. Kayko | Military officer, Air Corps | Observer, author of report
- Captain John H. Cantrell | Military officer, observation officer | 0-255404, Hq, TAC
- 1st Lieutenant Theodore Derby | Military officer | 0-2094172, Hq, TAC
- Captain Reddan | Military officer | Randolph Field, Texas
- Captain Theodore Derby | Air intelligence officer
- Headquarters Tactical Air Command | U.S. military
- Maxwell Field | U.S. military base, Montgomery, Alabama
- Langley Field | U.S. military base, Virginia
- Maxwell Field | Montgomery, Alabama | observation location
- Langley Field | Virginia | reporting office
- West direction | direction object appeared from
- East/South directions | course changes of object
- Time: Approximately 2120 Central time
- Object description: Light with brilliance slightly greater than a star; appeared to be at great height
- Trajectory: Appeared from west, traveled easterly at high speed; no audible sound; traveled in zigzag course with frequent bursts of speed like water bug spurting and stopping across water surface; turned southbound when directly overhead; turned southwest and lost in moon's brilliance
- Duration: Approximately 5 minutes total observation
- Final observation time: 2145 Central time when no longer visible
- Observation context: Clear moon-light night, object traveled until directly overhead and changed course 90 degrees into the south
- Speed: High rate of speed, "zigzag course with frequent bursts of speed"
- No plausible explanation offered for unusual action of light source, which acted contrary to any common aerodynamic laws | Reporting officer
- Maxwell Field operations confirmed no experimental aircraft scheduled for flight in vicinity | Maxwell Field
Page 95
View PDF ↗- 1916-03-29 | Kenneth Arnold birth date
- 1930 | Dog racing competition mentioned
- 1932-1933 | All-state end selection in football, U.S. Olympic trials participation
- 1932, 1933, 1934 | Red Cross Life Saving Examiner service
- 1939 | Employment at Red Comet, Inc. begins
- 1939 | District manager position
- 1940 | Promoted to regional position
- Kenneth Arnold | Pilot/witness | Born in Subeka, Minnesota
- Edward Erb Arnoldi | Father
- Bertha E. Barden | Mother (maiden name)
- Roland C. Arnold | Grandfather | Homesteaded in Scobey, Montana; prominent in political circles
- Burton K. Wheeler | Montana senator | Associated with grandfather
- H. H. Prescott | Scout executive | Regional commissioner for Boy Scouts, Kansas City, Kansas
- Neils Thorpe | University coach | Swimming/diving instructor at University of Minnesota
- Bernie Bierman | Football coach | University of Minnesota
- Glenn L. Jarrett | High school football coach | Now head coach at University of North Dakota
- Ed Leach | CAA inspector | Senior CAA inspector, Portland, Oregon; issued pilot certificate
- Earl T. Vanoe | Flying instructor | Originally from Great Falls, Montana; gave first flying lesson
- Boy Scouts | Youth organization
- University of Minnesota | Educational institution
- University of North Dakota | Educational institution
- Red Comet, Inc. | Fire fighting apparatus manufacturer, Littleton, Colorado
- Lions Club | Civic organization
- Subeka, Minnesota | Birth location
- Scobey, Montana | Childhood residence, homestead area
- Minot, North Dakota | Grade and high school location
- Minnesota | Early childhood residence
- Great Falls, Montana | Instructor origin
- Littleton, Colorado | Company location
- Portland, Oregon | Certification location
- Arnold achievement record: Eagle scout before age fourteen, all-state football end 1932-1933, U.S. Olympic trials fancy diving competitor 1932, Red Cross Life Saving Examiner 1932-1934, taught swimming/diving at scout camps and municipal pool
- Flying experience: First lesson as boy in Minot, North Dakota; did not fly of consequence until 1943 due to high cost; issued pilot certificate by Ed Leach; for last three years owned own airplane covering entire territory, flying 40-100 hours per month; purchased new Callair airplane in January (1947) designed for high altitude take-offs and short rough field use
- Work experience: Landed in 823 cow pastures in mountain meadows; over thousand hours flying with only flat tire as mishap
Page 96
View PDF ↗- 1939 | Went to work for Red Comet, Inc.
- 1939 | Made district manager over part of western states
- 1940 | Established own fire control supply business
- January 1947 | Purchased new Callair airplane
- Kenneth Arnold | Fire control engineer/pilot
- Earl T. Vanoe | Early flying instructor
- Great Western Fire Control Supply | Arnold's own company
- Red Comet, Inc. | Fire fighting apparatus manufacturer
- Western states (five states) | Rural areas covered by fire control business
- Mountain meadows | Landing locations
- Fire control engineer work: Independent fire control engineer handling, distributing, selling and installing all types of automatic and manual fire fighting equipment in rural areas over five western states
- Flying capability: Uses airplane entirely in work; covers entire territory with aircraft flying 40-100 hours per month; in type of flying performed, takes great deal of practice and judgment to land in most any cow pasture without injuring airplane
- Landing record: Has landed in 823 cow pastures in mountain meadows; over thousand hours flying with only flat tire as greatest mishap
- Aircraft specifications: Callair airplane designed for high altitude take-offs and short rough field use; runways very limited and altitude very high in some fields
Page 97
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-24 | Date of sighting observation (Tuesday)
- Unknown date | Marine transport disappearance (mentioned as recent event, one hour delay in departure)
- Kenneth Arnold | Pilot/witness
- Mr. Brown | Investigator
- Captain Davidson | Military/investigative official
- Central Air Service | Arnold's employer
- U.S. Military | Referenced search operations
- Chehalis, Washington | Departure airport
- Yakima, Washington | Intended destination
- Mt. Rainier | Primary search focus
- Ashford, Washington | Canyon reference point
- Mineral, Washington | City reference point
- Cascade Mountains | Observation region
- Arnold's credibility statement: Reports story is "positively true"; never sought notoriety; reported what any pilot would report; observation not due to sensitivity of eye sight or judgment but normal for any pilot
- Work context: Finished work for Central Air Service at Chehalis on June 24th; took off about 2 o'clock
- Search mission delay: Trip delayed one hour to search for large marine transport supposedly downed near southwest side of Mt. Rainier, never found to date
- Initial flight parameters: Flew directly toward Mt. Rainier after reaching altitude of approximately 9,600 feet (approximate elevation of high plateau from which Mt. Rainier rises); made one sweep of plateau to westward searching ridge; flew west down and near ridge side of canyon where Ashford, Washington located
- Flight conditions: Unable to see anything like lost ship; made 360 degree turn to right above Mineral, Washington; climbed back to altitude of approximately 9,200 feet; air extremely smooth, real pleasure flying; trimmed out airplane in direction of Yakima, which was almost directly east of position; sat in plane observing sky and terrain
Page 98
View PDF ↗- U.S. Military (Army/Air Force) | Referenced as operator of possible jet planes
- DC-4 aircraft operator | Commercial airline
- Mt. Rainier | Reference point for sighting
- Position north of Mt. Rainier | Sighting origin point
- Southern edge of Mt. Rainier | Timing reference point
- Mt. Adams | Secondary reference point
- Cascade Mountains region | Geographic area of sighting
- Bright flash reflection on aircraft startled observer
- Object description: Chain of nine peculiar looking aircraft flying from north to south at approximately 9,500 foot elevation; going seemingly in a definite direction of about 170 degrees
- Approach speed: Approaching Mt. Rainier very rapidly
- Initial assumption: Arnold merely assumed they were jet planes
- Reflection behavior: Two or three of the chain every few seconds would dip or change course slightly, just enough for sun to strike them at angle that reflected brightly on Arnold's plane
- Distance estimation: Objects quite far away; unable to make out shape or formation initially
- Visual clarity: Approached Mt. Rainier and observed outlines against snow quite plainly
- Shape peculiarity: Thought it "very peculiar" that couldn't find tails; assumed some type of jet plane
- Timing observation: Determined to clock their speed; had two definite points to clock them by; air so clear easy to see objects and determine approximate shape and size at almost fifty miles distance
- Clock reference: Sweep second hand on eight day clock located on instrument panel read one minute 50 seconds as first object passed southern edge of Mt. Rainier
- Observation quality: Watched objects with great interest as never before observed airplanes flying so close to mountain tops
- Arnold: Objects appeared to be jet planes based on rapid approach and lack of visible tails
- Arnold: Could not see tails on objects, which was puzzling for known aircraft type
Page 99
View PDF ↗- Mt. Rainier | Reference point
- Mountain ridges and peaks | Flight path area
- Canyon passages | Route of objects
- Mt. Adams | Reference point for final timing
- Flight formation: Flew like many times observed geese to fly in rather diagonal chain-like line as if they were linked together
- Direction variability: Seemed to hold a definite direction but rather swerved in and out of high mountain peaks
- Speed impression: Speed at time did not impress Arnold particularly because he knew Army and Air Forces had planes that were very fast
- Key puzzling aspect: What kept bothering as watched them flip and flash in sun right along their path was fact couldn't make out any tail on them; sure that any pilot would justify more than a second look at such a plane
- Observation distance: Observed them quite plainly; estimated distance from them almost at right angles to be between twenty to twenty-five miles
- Size assessment: Must be very large to observe shape at that distance even on clear day
- Comparison methodology: Compared zeus fastener or cowling tool in pocket with them—holding it up on them and on the DC-4; seemed smaller than the DC-4; span would have been as wide as furthest engines on each side of DC-4 fuselage
- Formation pattern: Chain of these saucer objects passing another high snow-covered ridge in between Mt. Rainier and Mt. Adams
- Ridge measurement: Flying in direction of particular ridge; measured it and found approximately five miles so could safely assume chain of these saucer like objects were at least five miles long
- Path determination: Could quite accurately determine their pathway due to several high peaks that were little this side of them as well as higher peaks on other side of their pathway
- Final timing: Last unit of formation passed southern most high snow-covered crest of Mt. Adams; looked at sweep second hand and it showed they had travelled distance in one minute and forty-two seconds
- Arnold's initial assumption was objects were jet planes despite lack of visible tails
- Arnold: Even at time this timing did not upset him as felt confident after landing there would be some explanation of what he saw
- Arnold: News men and experts suggested might have been seeing reflections or even a mirage; knows this to be absolutely false; observed these objects not only through glass of airplane but turned airplane sideways where could open window and observe them with completely unobstructed view (without sun glasses)
Page 100
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-24 | Primary observation date
- Unknown | Previous observation dates of other witnesses
- Kenneth Arnold | Pilot/primary witness
- Observatory witnesses (unspecified) | Referenced as seeing similar objects
- Cedar City, Utah pilot | Witness
- Locomotive engineer in Illinois | Witness
- Capt. Smith (possibly) | Witness
- Co-pilot Stevens | United Air Lines pilot | Witness
- United Air Lines | Commercial airline
- Various ground observation points | Across United States
- Mt. Rainier area | Primary sighting location
- Cedar City, Utah | Secondary witness sighting area
- Illinois | Locomotive engineer observation area
- Various locations across United States | Other sightings mentioned
- Sweden, Bermuda, California | International sighting locations mentioned
- Duration of observation: Two minutes seems short but in air in two minutes time pilot can observe great many things; anything within sight of vision probably as many as fifty or sixty times
- Post-sighting search continuation: Continued search for marine plane for another fifteen or twenty minutes while searching for marine plane, what had just observed kept going through mind; became more disturbed; after taking last look at Tieton Reservoir headed for Yakima
- Sighting visibility via aircraft opening: Turned airplane sideways where could open window and observe them with completely unobstructed view without sun glasses
- Other observer accounts: Received six or seven other accounts written by some observers that could truthfully say must have observed same thing; particularly descriptions of three Cedar City Utah pilot; Western/Air Lines/Employees; gentleman from Oklahoma City and locomotive engineer in Illinois plus Capt Smith and Co-pilot Stevens of United Air Lines
- Ground observer limitations: Some descriptions could not be very accurate taken from ground unless saucer-like disks were at quite great height and there is possibility that all people who observed peculiar objects could have seen same thing he did but difficult from ground to observe for more than four or five seconds and there is always possibility of atmospheric moisture and dust near ground which could distort vision
- Cross-corroboration: Has in possession letters from all over United States and people who profess these objects have been observed over other portions of world, particularly Sweden, Bermuda, and California
- Arnold: Confirms observation was real and not reflection or mirage based on multiple viewing angles
- Arnold: Puzzled about lack of tails on objects but assumed jet plane type
Page 101
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-24 | Date of observation
- Unknown (post-sighting) | When objects viewed by other observers relative to Mt. Adams passage
- Kenneth Arnold | Pilot/witness
- Sonny Robinson | Former Army Air Forces pilot | Operating austin operations, Pendleton, Oregon | Quoted
- Mt. Adams | Reference point
- Pendleton, Oregon | Location of Sonny Robinson
- (Multiple locations) | Where other observers sighted similar objects
- Object shape characteristics: When objects flying approximately straight and level, appeared as black thin line; when flipped was only time could get judgment as to their size
- Elevation maintenance: Objects holding almost constant elevation; did not seem to be going up or to be coming down such as would be case of rockets or artillery shell; convinced mind they were some type of airplane even though didn't conform with many aspects of conventional type of planes he knew
- Reported observations elsewhere: Although these objects have been reported by many other observers throughout United States, have been six or seven other accounts written by some of these observers that can truthfully say must have observed same thing
- Visual corroboration: Descriptions of three Cedar City Utah (pilot) Western/Air Lines/employees, gentleman from Oklahoma City and locomotive engineer in Illinois plus Capt Smith and Co-pilot Stevens of United Air Lines
- Ground observer constraints: Some descriptions could not be very accurate taken from ground unless saucer-like disks were at quite great height; there is possibility that all people who observed peculiar objects could have seen same thing but it would have been very difficult from ground to observe these for more than four or five seconds
- Atmospheric interference potential: Always possibility of atmospheric moisture and dust near ground which could distort vision
- International reports: Has in possession letters from all over United States and people who profess these objects have been observed over other portions of world, particularly Sweden, Bermuda, and California
- Hand-drawn sketches on page show: "Top" view circular/disc shape; "Side View" elongated profile with pointed ends; notation "Mirror in flight" suggesting reflective quality; note about objects appearing "longer than wide" with "thickness was about 1/20th of their width"
- Arnold: Objects appeared to be black thin line when flying straight and level
- Arnold: Objects held almost constant elevation without climbing or descending behavior of known aircraft types
- Robinson quote: "What you observed, I am convinced, is some type of jet or rocket propelled air craft that is in the process of being tested by our government or over it could possibly be by some foreign government." | Sonny Robinson, former Army Air Forces pilot
Page 102
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-24 | Date of primary sighting
- Unknown | When lodged subsequent reports at Pendleton, Oregon
- Kenneth Arnold | Pilot/witness/author
- Al Baxter | Arnold's good friend | Yakima airport contact
- Pilot friends at Pendleton | Witnesses to Arnold's account
- Various former Army pilots | Referenced as informed of similar objects
- Central Air Service | Arnold's employer
- Various government agencies | Referenced as not responding to Arnold's reports
- Yakima, Washington | Landing location
- Pendleton, Oregon | Subsequent location where Arnold described sightings
- Sweden, Bermuda, California | International sighting locations
- World | General international observation locations
- Yakima landing: When landed at Yakima airport described what had seen to very good friend Al Baxter, who listened patiently and was very courteous but in joking way didn't believe him
- Pendleton landing and description: Did not accurately measure distance between two mountains until landed at Pendleton, Oregon that same day where told number of pilot friends of what had observed; they did not scoff or laugh but suggested they might be guided missiles or something new
- Military pilot briefings: Several former Army pilots informed him they had been briefed before going into combat overseas that they might see objects of similar shape and design as described and assured him that wasn't dreaming or going crazy
- Government response: Quoted Sonny Robinson (former Army Air Forces pilot operating austin operations at Pendleton, Oregon) as saying what he observed was "some type of jet or rocket propelled air craft that is in the process of being tested by our government or over it could possibly be by some foreign government"
- Media and political attention: News that Arnold observed these saucer were partially known before right was over receiving telephone calls from all parts of world; to date hasn't received one telephone call or one letter of scoffing or disbelief
- Official investigation: Only disbeliefs he knows of was what was printed in the papers
- Credibility assessment: Looks at whole order as not something funny as some people have made it out to be
- Observed physical evidence: Evidently observed something that least Pt. John (illegible) on street corner (or reference?) never heard about, is no ranker that it does not exist
- Pilot certification: Pilot's license 333487; flies Callair airplane
- Aircraft specifications: Callair is three-place single engine land aircraft designed and manufactured at Afton, Wyoming as extremely high performance, high altitude airplane designed for mountain work
- Aircraft certification: National certificate of airplane is 33326
- Arnold: Looks at observation as "mighty serious and since I evidently did observe something that at least Pt. John—on the street corner (or Pete Andrews on the ranch has never heard about, is no ranker that it does not exist"
- Arnold: Received lots of requests from people to make wild guesses; based what written here on positive facts and as far as guessing what it was observed, it is just as much a mystery to him as it is to the rest of the world
Page 103
View PDF ↗- Hand-drawn diagram annotations describing object characteristics:
- - "Top" view showing circular/disc-shaped object
- - "Side View" showing elongated profile with pointed/crescent ends
- - Notation indicating objects appeared "longer than wide"
- - Thickness notation: "about 1/20th of their width"
- - "Mirror in flight" notation suggesting reflective properties during motion
- - Objects "did not appear to me to whirl or spin out seemed in fixed position, traveling as a wave armada"
- - Observation about objects not appearing to spin or rotate during flight
Page 104
View PDF ↗- 1947-06-23 | Date of observation (night of 23 June 1947)
- 1947-07-07 | Date of formal report
- Captain Wilson H. Kayko | Military officer, Air Corps | 0-33841, Hq, TAC | Report author
- Captain John H. Cantrell | Military officer | 0-255404, Hq, TAC | Observer, rated pilot
- 1st Lieutenant Theodore Derby | Military officer, Air Intelligence | 0-2094172, Hq, TAC | Observer, air intelligence officer
- Captain Reddan | Military officer | Randolph Field, Texas | Observer
- Captain Wilson H. Kayko | Air Corps | Signature authority
- Headquarters Tactical Air Command | U.S. military command
- Maxwell Field | U.S. military installation, Montgomery, Alabama
- Langley Field | U.S. military installation, Virginia
- Assistant Chief of Staff, A-2 | Command intelligence authority
- Maxwell Field | Montgomery, Alabama | Observation location
- Langley Field | Virginia | Reporting headquarters
- West direction | Object origin direction
- East direction | Initial travel direction
- South direction | Final course direction
- Time: Approximately 2120 Central time on night of June 23, 1947
- Object characterization: Light with brilliance slightly greater than a star; appeared from West on clear moon-light night
- Initial direction: Traveling in easterly direction at high rate of speed
- Sound: No audible sound detected
- Altitude: Impossible to determine except that appeared to be at great height
- Movement pattern: Traveled in zigzag course with frequent bursts of speed much like water bug as it spurts and stops across surface of water
- Course change: Continued until directly overhead and changed course 90 degrees into south
- Maneuver: Turned southwest and was lost in brilliance of moon
- Observation end time: 2145 Central time when no longer possible to observe
- Weather/visibility: Clear conditions, moon-light night enabling observation
- Investigation response: Call placed to Maxwell Field operations to inquire if any experimental aircraft were scheduled for flight in vicinity; reply was negative
- No plausible explanation is offered for the unusual action of this source of light, which acted contrary to any common aerodynamic laws | Reporting officer
- Maxwell Field operations: No experimental aircraft scheduled for flight in vicinity | Maxwell Field confirmation
- Observer credentials: Two of the above noted observers are rated pilots and the other two are air intelligence officers; all observers were cold sober
- Many recent reports of unusual aerial objects observed throughout the U.S. | Context for report
- Sketch showing approximate course attached to report
Page 105
View PDF ↗- West | Direction of object origin
- East | Direction of initial travel
- South | Direction of final course change
- Observation point | Marked with "O" or similar notation
- Moon location | Referenced as point where object lost in brilliance
- Course depicts object appearing from West
- Path shows initial easterly trajectory
- Diagram indicates zigzag pattern with course changes
- Shows 90-degree turn to southbound direction when directly overhead of observer
- Indicates final course toward southwest before becoming invisible in moon's brilliance
- Sketch includes compass directions (W for West, E for East, partial labels visible)
- Observer position marked relative to course track
- Approximate course sketched with lines showing maneuver sequence
- Pattern suggests object maintaining relatively constant altitude while performing horizontal directional changes
Page 106
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-18 | letter date
- 1947-06-29 | date of sighting observation
- C. H. Zohn | Administrative Assistant, Rocket Sonde Section | NRL | witness
- J. R. Bauke | Rocket Sonde Section teleemetering supervisor | NRL | witness/driver
- C. C. Rockwood | Rocket Sonde high altitude spectrograph scientist | NRL | witness
- Nancy Rockwood | wife of C. C. Rockwood | | witness
- H. E. Newell | Acting Rocket Sonde Section Head | NRL | verified observer credentials
- William P. Mellen | Major, Air Corps | AMC Liaison Officer | author
- Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) | U.S. Navy
- Army Air Corps (AAC) | U.S. Army
- Air Materiel Command (AMC) | U.S. Army Air Forces
- White Sands | New Mexico | firing ground destination
- Las Cruces | New Mexico | departure point
- Highway 17 | New Mexico | observation location
- Object observed moving at unknown rapid velocity at estimated altitude of about 10,000 feet; Mr. Bauke estimated between 8,000 and 10,000 feet
- Shape was uniform with no protuberances such as airplane wings
- Too distant to enable stereoscopic visualization
- Apparent solar specular reflection which seemed to change in intensity as object receded
- Object observed for estimated 30 seconds from time first noticed
- No clouds or visibility obstructions present
- Sun was to the rear of the automobile
- One observer (Bauke) thought he saw vapor trails at one time
- Mr. Zohn could not explain how it disappeared except perhaps that the reflection angle may have changed abruptly
- Interview was made in presence of Dr. H. E. Newell, who stated Mr. Zohn had recently been in the Navy and was familiar with majority of aircraft types and meteorological balloons
- None of the occupants of the car were intoxicated
Page 107
View PDF ↗- Dr. H. E. Newell | Acting Rocket Sonde Section Head | NRL | verifier
- William P. Mellen | Major, Air Corps | AMC Liaison Officer | author/signer
- Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) | U.S. Navy
- Air Materiel Command (AMC) | U.S. Army Air Forces
- This interview was made in the presence of Dr. H. E. Newell, Acting Rocket Sonde Section Head, who stated that Mr. Zohn had recently been in the Navy and is familiar with the appearance of the majority of aircraft types and with meteorological balloons
- Mr. Zohn also stated that none of the occupants of the car were intoxicated
- "Mr. Zohn had recently been in the Navy and is familiar with the appearance of the majority of aircraft types and with meteorological balloons"
- "none of the occupants of the car were intoxicated"
Page 108
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-09 | interview date for Smith
- 1947-07-04 | date of sighting observation
- 1947-07-09 | interview date (report page references)
- E. J. Smith | Captain, United Air Lines | pilot | witness
- Ralph Stevens | co-pilot | United Air Lines | witness
- [illegible] | interviewer | | author
- United Air Lines | commercial airline
- U.S. military intelligence | interviewing agency
- Boise, Idaho | departure point
- Emmett, Idaho | sighting vicinity at approximately 6500 feet altitude
- Pendleton, Oregon | flight destination
- Ontario, Oregon | weather station contacted during sighting
- First object sighted at approximately 2015 PST near Emmett, Idaho
- Objects appeared slightly smaller than first object sighted but all appeared on the same plane
- Four objects appeared to be about 8500 feet altitude
- Objects observed within sight for approximately two minutes, then disappeared
- Second group appeared about 310 degrees, or to the right of the plane
- Multiple objects in group appeared to be on same plane with one object slightly higher and to the right
- Second group stayed in view twelve to fourteen minutes, then disappeared
- Objects were flat on base, top slightly rough in contour
- Dimensions appeared same as DC-3 approximately five miles away
- Objects appeared to be ninety miles away if size of DC-3 wing span (90 feet)
- Never approached objects; they seemed to disappear drastically immediately
- Estimated speed approximately 300 miles per hour
- Speed varied and was not constant
- Objects seemed to put on tremendous burst of speed when disappeared from sight or else dissipated
- Large object appeared to be controlled and controlled other objects; ground controlled
- Weather was clear and unlimited with not a cloud in sky
- Wind was 230-10, southwest at ten miles per hour
- Air speed of ship was about 135 MPH
- Sun was below horizon; objects silhoueted against sky; no color or reflection visible
- Smith: "I don't believe they could have been going a great rate of speed and still stayed in sight for as long as they did"
- Smith: "I think they either put on a tremendous burst of speed and disappeared from sight, or else they dissipated"
- Smith: "it appeared that only one object, the large one, was controlled, and it in turn controlled the other objects, and I think they were ground controlled"
- "The objects were flat on the base, the top slightly rough in contour"
- "I would judge they might have been travelling about 300 miles per hour"
- "My personal opinions regarding the objects are - that their speed varied, was not constant"
Page 109
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-09 | interview date for Stevens
- 1947-07-04 | date of original sighting
- Ralph Stevens | co-pilot | United Air Lines | witness
- E. J. Smith | Captain | United Air Lines | fellow observer
- stewardess | [unnamed] | United Air Lines | witness
- [reporter/investigator] | | | interviewer
- First object spotted at 2012 on 4 July, eight minutes after departure from Boise, Idaho
- Thought it was oncoming aircraft similar to DC-3, about five miles away
- Turned on landing lights as usual signal to other plane
- Four more objects appeared at same altitude as first
- Objects seemed at same altitude as plane, about 6000 feet
- Objects heading about 290 degrees magnetic North
- Watched objects for four or five minutes, then they all merged as one and disappeared
- Two minutes later, large object reappeared with three smaller ones on its left and one smaller one great distance to right
- Second group in sight for about twelve minutes
- Last time seen, objects still in that formation and disappeared into sunset
- Objects seemed to have continued climbing after plane leveled off and were about nine or ten thousand feet
- Could not determine distance, not knowing what objects were or how large they were
- Radioed ahead to Ontario, Oregon, about thirty miles distant, to weather station
- Weather station radioed back they could see nothing
- Objects could have been beyond Ontario since personnel would be looking at dark sky
- Objects did not maneuver much at all, except when first group merged
- Objects were going plane's direction and were climbing
- Did not think they were clouds, as there hadn't been cloud in sky
- Would have been quite phenomenal if they were clouds
- Smaller objects were hard to distinguish as to shape; they were not shiny
- Could not swear on stand that they were not clouds, but thinks it impossible
- Had they been clouds, they wouldn't have appeared and disappeared so suddenly and plane would have approached them
- Tower at Boise called before takeoff and asked if they had seen any disks lately
- Tower calling about flying disks was topic before sighting
- Called stewardess who had not been in on conversation
- Without mentioning "disks" asked her what she saw
- Stewardess stated she saw same things as Smith and Stevens
- Stevens: "I don't think they were clouds, as there hadn't been a cloud in the sky"
- Stevens: "I couldn't swear on a stand that they were not clouds, but I think it impossible"
- Stevens: "Had they been clouds, they wouldn't have appeared and disappeared so suddenly, and we would have approached them"
- Off the record: Stevens was rather disappointed in Smith and all publicity he was getting
- Stevens thought Smith was probably "grand-standing" some
- Stevens was not going to be interviewed by reporters or go on radio
- Stevens was glad to talk to Navy representative or other government official
- Stevens did not want to be bothered with lot of interviews with newspapers and radio stations
- Stevens seemed to writer to be very level headed, sensible man, not in favor of a lot of publicity
- Smith seemed to be more in favor of all publicity he was getting
- "I was flying the plane when I spotted the first object at 2012 on the 4th of July"
- "They seemed to be at the same altitude as our plane, about 6000 feet"
- "Vie watched them for four or five minutes, then they all merged as one and disappeared"
- "I don't know whether they merged in line of flight or not, nor do I know whether they went beyond our vision or whether they dissipated"
- "However, while we were watching them we radioed ahead to Ontario, Oregon, about thirty miles distant, to the weather station there"
Page 110
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-12 | interview date with Captain Smith
- 1947-07-04 | date of original sighting
- Captain Smith | United Airlines | | witness
- [investigator] | | | author/interviewer
Page 111
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | letter date
- 1947-07-06 | date of observation
- Ogden, Utah | departure point
- Kansas City, Missouri | destination
- 100 miles west of Kansas City | approximate sighting location
- Observed at 1115 p.m. while flying from Ogden, Utah to Kansas City, Missouri
- Altitude 10000 feet in B-25
- Very bright object low and to left, approximately 10 miles away
- Initial impression was top of water tank
- After checking position on map, looked again (elapsed time 5 seconds)
- Round disc shaped object, very bright and silver colored
- Object appeared to be flying one to two miles off left wing at 11 o'clock
- At 11000 feet altitude
- Brightness of object estimated at 30-50 feet in diameter, was very great
- Object seemed to be traveling in same direction at same rate of speed (210 MPH)
- Until Browning started to turn into it, then it completely disappeared
- Weather conditions at time were CAVU (Ceiling And Visibility Unlimited)
- "A round, disc shaped object, very bright and silver colored, seemed to be flying one to two miles off my left wing at 11 o'clock"
- "The brightness of the object which I would estimate at 30-50 ft. in diameter, was very great"
- "It seemed to be traveling in same direction at same rate of speed (210 MPH) until I started to turn into it, then it completely disappeared"
Page 112
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-16 | letter date
- 1947-07-06 | date of observation
- Major Archie B. Browning | AC | observer | author of affidavit
- [illegible recipient signature]
- Headquarters, Army Air Forces | Washington D.C.
- [illegible unit/command]
- On 6 July 1947, while flying from Ogden, Utah, to Kansas City, Missouri, at 10000 ft in a B-25
- Noticed very bright object low and to left, approximately 10 miles away
- Time was 1:15 p.m.
- Position approximately 100 miles west of Kansas City
- First impression was that it was the top of a water tank
- After checking position on map and looking again (elapsed time 5 seconds): a round, disc shaped object, very bright and silver colored
- Seemed to be flying one to two miles off left wing at 11 o'clock
- At 11000 ft altitude
- Brightness of object which would estimate at 30-50 ft. in diameter, was very great
- It seemed to be traveling in same direction at same rate of speed (210 MPH)
- Until Browning started to turn into it, then it completely disappeared
- Weather conditions at that time were CAVU
- "On 6 July 1947, while flying from Ogden, Utah, to Kansas City, Missouri, at 10000 ft in a B-25, I noticed a very bright object low and to my left, approximately 10 miles away"
- "My first impression was that it was the top of a water tank"
- "A round, disc shaped object, very bright and silver colored, seemed to be flying one to two miles off my left wing at 11 o'clock at 11000 ft"
- "The brightness of the object which I would estimate at 30-50 ft. in diameter, was very great"
- "It seemed to be traveling in same direction at same rate of speed (210 MPH) until I started to turn into it, then it completely disappeared"
Page 113
View PDF ↗Page 114
View PDF ↗- Civil Air Patrol | Auxiliary of U.S. Army Air Forces
- Wisconsin Wing | location
- [illegible unit/command]
- Wisconsin | general area
- Eidhorn | [location referenced]
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin | Wisconsin Wing location
- Following are statistics regarding reports by four witnesses while in flight in two airplanes
- Weather CAVU; visibility exceptionally good; scattered altocumuli 6000 feet
- First report-time 1115 hours CST; altitude of observers 800 feet above ground; altitude of saucer 4000 feet ASL
- Observation period-first sighted over [illegible], Wisconsin; flight was observed from town of [illegible] to [illegible], Wisconsin; flight covered twenty-five (25) miles in fifteen (15) seconds, which is speed of six thousand (6000) miles per hour
- Second report-time 1130 hours CST; altitude of observers 1500 feet (3500) MSL; altitude of saucer [illegible] hundred feet (2500); observation period; observers at [illegible], Wisconsin; flight observed from [illegible], Wisconsin to [illegible], Wisconsin; this flight covered twenty-two (22) miles in twenty (20) seconds, which is speed of three thousand nine hundred sixty (3960) miles per hour
- [substantial redactions throughout document]
- Large portions of the document text are redacted or obscured, marked with black ink
- Specific locations partially illegible
- Observer names and unit affiliations redacted
- Detailed observation parameters obscured
Page 115
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-07 | report date
- 1947-07-[illegible] | observation date references
- Civil Air Patrol | Auxiliary of the U.S. Army Air Forces
- Wisconsin Wing Headquarters | Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- [instructor] | | | observer (first two observers)
- [student] | | | observer
- Captain E. J. Southey | Wing Air Officer | | observer
- [illegible] | | | observer
- Eidhorn Airport | Wisconsin | takeoff/observation point
- East Prairie, Wisconsin | | flight area
- Elkhart, Wisconsin | | flight area
- Mount Baldy area | | flight area
- First report-time 1115 hours CST; altitude of observers 800 feet above ground; altitude of saucer 4000 feet ASL; observation period first sighted over Eidhorn, Wisconsin; flight observed from town of Elkhart to Elkhart, Wisconsin; this flight covered twenty-five (25) miles in fifteen (15) seconds, which is a speed of six thousand (6000) miles per hour
- Second report-time 1130 hours CST; altitude of observers 1500 feet (3500) MSL; altitude of saucer five hundred feet (2500); observation period; observers at East Prairie, Wisconsin; flight observed from Eagle, Wisconsin to Elkhart, Wisconsin; this flight covered twenty-two (22) miles in twenty (20) seconds, which is a speed of three thousand nine hundred sixty (3960) miles per hour
- Flight maneuvers-first observation-saucer descended vertically edgewise through altocumuli clouds, stopped at four thousand (4000) feet and assumed horizontal position and proceeded in horizontal flight from left to right for fifteen (15) seconds over twenty-five (25) miles; flew five (5), miles and again stopped and disappeared
- Second observation-in horizontal flight in a horizontal attitude for a period of twenty (20) seconds over [illegible] miles; list had removed his camera from the glove compartment of his plane, the saucer disappeared and will report approximately ten (10) miles further along its course after six (6) seconds flying its final disappearance
- The first two observers were an instructor and a student, having just taken off from Eidhorn Airport
- The record two observers were Captain E. J. Southey, Wing Air Officer and passenger
- [significant portions of document are partially illegible or heavily redacted]
- Flight patterns suggest controlled, deliberate maneuvers
- High-speed flight capabilities inconsistent with known aircraft
- Specific location names partially illegible
- Observer unit affiliations and ranks partially obscured
- Some technical details of observations redacted
Page 116
View PDF ↗- Topeka | Kansas | reference point
- [location references partially illegible]
- Flying @ 10M @ 90 [mph] - Boys @ 200mph
- Nose @ 110° a little higher
- [when first] descending & at one
- a white tower - along a mile away
- it looked liked a flying wing [illegible]
- It was flying vertically and almost
- completely honed [?] - No smoke, no
- fire, brakes lights at almost his eyes
- Slew [he] turned toward it east
- it disappeared almost immediately
- He believes it must have been super
- sonic because of speed at which it
- disappeared;
- This C-pilot was doing at the
- time he was looking
- the object disappeared,
- Overcast weather to rear
- needn't it, but it came up as
- fast, then appeared to stop, then
- disappeared
- landed at Kansas City 1100hrs
- central Time - this took place approx/1315
- "it looked liked a flying wing [illegible]"
- "It was flying vertically and almost completely honed"
- "He believes it must have been super sonic because of speed at which it disappeared"
Page 117
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-15 | message date
- 1947-07-10 | date of sighting
- Shepherdville, Newfoundland | observation location
- CG ATID | Commanding General, Air Technical Intelligence Division
- CG HQ AAF | Commanding General, Headquarters Army Air Forces
- CG Sixth Army | Commanding General, Sixth Army
- CG HQ AMC | Commanding General, Headquarters Air Materiel Command
- Sacramento AMA, Calif | Sacramento Army Mapping Authority
- Counter Intelligence Division | U.S. Army Air Forces
- Harmony Field, Newfoundland | sighting location
- Newfoundland | general area
- Mount Baldy | reference point
- "disc appeared about same span as C-54 at 10000 feet, was circular in shape like wagons wheel"
- "disc seemed to cut the clouds open as it passed thru and left a bluish place trail approximately fifteen miles long"
- "trail was similar to the beam seen after a high powered landing light or search light is switched off"
Page 118
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-10 | date of sighting (circled on document)
- 1947-07-15 | message date
- 1947-07-16 | received date
- Shepherdville, Newfoundland | originating command
- CG HQ ATC Wash DC | U.S. Army Air Forces
- CG Sixth Army | U.S. Army
- CG Hq AMC thru Sacramento AMA, Calif | Air Materiel Command
- Counter Intelligence Division
- Harmony Field, Newfoundland | sighting location
- Mount Baldy | reference area
- Sighting at approximately 1550 PST (converted to local time)
- Altitude approximately 10000 feet
- Course north northeast
- Weather clear with scattered cumulus at 8-10000 feet
- Disc color silvery
- Disc was first sighted about 6 miles south south west from Harmony Field
- Disc appeared about same span as C-54 at 10000 feet altitude
- Disc was circular in shape like wagons wheel
- Disc seemed to cut the clouds open as it passed through and left a bluish place trail
- Trail approximately fifteen miles long
- Trail was similar to the beam seen after a high powered landing light or search light is switched off
- Kodachrome pictures were taken and are being developed state side
- Photos will be forwarded as soon as they are received
- "disc appeared about same span as C-54 at 10000 feet, was circular in shape like wagons wheel"
- "disc seemed to cut the clouds open as it passed thru and left a bluish place trail approximately fifteen miles long"
Page 119
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-08 | date of sighting
- 1947-07-12 | message date
- 1947-07-10 | message timestamp
- CG SBAMA San Bernardino Calif | Army corps/command
- CG AAF Wash DC | Headquarters Army Air Forces
- Sixth Army | U.S. Army
- AMC thru Sacramento AMA, Calif | Air Materiel Command
- March Field | U.S. Army Air Forces base, California
- March Field, California | sighting location
- Mount Baldy | geographic reference
- 34 degrees 5 minutes latitude - 117 degrees 30 minutes west longitude | first sighting coordinates
- 34 degrees 20 minutes latitude - 117 degrees 47 minutes west longitude | second sighting coordinates
- On 8 July 47 at approximately 1550 PST
- Alvin E Moorman, 1st Lieutenant, 96 Ftr Sq, flying routine test mission in C-51
- At 20,000 feet indicated sighting of short object of light reflecting nature which appeared to be without vertical fin or any visible wings
- Apparent depth of a P-51 airplane at approximately 35,000 feet altitude
- Approximate location of 34 degrees 5 minutes latitude - 117 degrees 30 minutes west longitude
- Object was in view approximately 30 seconds
- Object was again sighted at 15505 PST at approximately 50000 feet altitude and over Mount Baldy
- Approximate location of 34 degrees 20 minutes latitude - 117 degrees 47 minutes west longitude
- Pilot attempted to keep object in sight but was unable to do so
- Speed of P-51 approximately 300 mph and climbing
- March Field and other bases in area were contacted and reported none of their ships in the air
- Object characteristics suggest non-conventional aircraft
- High altitude capability and maneuverability inconsistent with known aircraft
- "object of light reflecting nature which appeared to be without vertical fin or any visible wings"
- "Apparent depth of a P-51 airplane at approximately 35,000 feet altitude"
Page 120
View PDF ↗## Document Type
Messageform
## Message Center Number
C6-1
## Classification
Confidential (marked with strikethrough redaction)
## Date-Time Group
1 July 47 (1 July 1947)
## From
99th AACS Group, Elmendorf Air Base, Alaska
## To
DONAS Army Assistant Chief Staff Intelligence
## Precedence
Priority
## Subject
Unidentified object observation report
## Content
Object resembling grayish balloon approximately one zero feet in diameter. Observed from leader field flying in northwest direction. Following contour of mountains five miles away. Flying altitude five zero zero feet. Estimated speed one zero zero miles per hour. Object observed paralleling the course of Charlie. Three zero landing northwest into two zero miles per hour. Object observed one two zero zero feet three zero zero feet. For sighting minutes by range chart. This headquarters several officers from Alaska department questioned his story. For subject observed.
## Receipt/Distribution
- Received AFDIR-10
- 16 July 47
## Notes
Report quality degraded due to OCR or transmission artifact artifacts. Text appears garbled in places but indicates military observation of unidentified object near Elmendorf Air Base, Alaska in July 1947. Object described as balloon-shaped, approximately 10 feet in diameter, grayish in color, flying at low altitude in northwest direction at approximately 100 mph.
Page 121
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-12 | message transmission date
- 1947-07 | observation period
- FIFTEENTH Air Force Group | Elmendorf, Alaska | originating unit
- CORAS | action addressee
- Army Signal Corps | originating agency
- Colonel Perry | mentioned as observer/recipient
- Major Geyser | mentioned as headquarters recipient
- Elmendorf, Alaska | location of observation
- unidentified field location | where UFO sighting occurred
- Security classification markings redacted throughout document
- Some portion of message text appears degraded
- "OBJECT RESEMBLING AN ALUMINUM COLORED BALLOON ABOUT THREE FEET IN DIAMETER WAS REPORTED SEEN AT AN UNDETERMINED ALTITUDE FLYING AT A GREAT SPEED IN A NORTH TO SOUTH DIRECTION" | original message text
- "OBSERVATION WAS MADE IN VICINITY OF ELMENDORF FIELD" | location details
Page 122
View PDF ↗Page 123
View PDF ↗Page 124
View PDF ↗- "a disc is also sent here, by air. Drift in this area at the time specified should determine and possibly answer the mystery"
- "It is a high powered jet propelled aircraft with a parachute designed to hide the tank assembly and wing type, since neither were discernible"
- "a sleek of air drift in this area at the time specified should determine and probably answer the mystery"
- "If possible, I should like very much to know the answer"
- "It is a high powered jet propelled aircraft with a parachute designed to hide the tank assembly and wing type, since neither were discernible" | J.D. Shumway
- "If possible, I should like very much to know the answer" | J.D. Shumway
- "a disc of air drift in this area at the time specified should determine and probably answer the mystery" | J.D. Shumway
Page 125
View PDF ↗- Danforth, Illinois | location where object was found by farmer
- Salt Lake City, Utah | manufacturer location (Nathaniel Baldwin Inc.)
- Watseka, Illinois | sheriff jurisdiction (Merle T. Wilmoth)
- Sheriff Merle T. Wilmoth | Watseka, Illinois | law enforcement contact
- farmer (unnamed) | Danforth, Illinois | discoverer of object
- Mrs. Whedon | telephone extension 2B 274, Ext 73909 (Sig C) | shown object by FBI agent Zimmer
- Mr. Zimmer | FBI agent | investigator
- Nathaniel Baldwin | patent holder/manufacturer
- FBI | investigative agency
- Nathaniel Baldwin Inc. | Salt Lake City, Utah | manufacturer
- Object landed in middle of farm section, burned weeds 2.5 feet tall to fine ash in area 1.5 feet in diameter
- Device consists of plaster of paris body with oval cavity
- Power microphone screwing over oval cavity opening
- Small "Polymat" filter condenser component
- Two bakelite cylinders with attached fine copper wire network forming coils (old design, pre-dated by smaller efficient coils)
- Magnetic metal piece broken from power microphone due to impact
- Plaster of paris body broken by impact but pieces held together by wire reinforcement
- Patent May 10, 1910 & Sept 14, 1916 | Patent nos 957403 (second number not readable)
- Nathaniel Baldwin Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah | manufacturer identification
- "Package received from Sheriff Merle T. Wilmoth, Watseka, Ill. His letter states the instrument in the package was found by a farmer at Danforth, Ill." | introductory statement
- "Mrs. Whedon claims she knew what it was, but couldn't tell Zimmer" | regarding witness knowledge
Page 126
View PDF ↗- 1947-07-15 | memo date
- 1947-04 | referenced observation date (Minzewski)
- 1947-07-22 | date stamp on document
- Mr. Moxon | Regional Office No. 1, N.Y. | recipient
- Mr. Wright | NACA, Richmond, Virginia | author
- Mr. Minzewski | observer | noted observations through theodolite on three occasions
- Miss Baron | observer | reported sightings one occasion, agrees with Minzewski except for color
- Colonel Perry | observation location context
- NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) | Richmond, Virginia | originating agency
- U.S. Government | authority context
- regional office location not specified but associated with balloon observations
- station location referenced but not explicitly named
- 1100E (coordinates notation) | referenced location from April 1947
- north of station | directional reference for object movement
- "Mr. Minzewski has observed this strange metallic disk on three occasions through the theodolite while making his pibal observation during the last six months"
- "Miss Baron has reported observing the disk on one occasion. Miss Baron's report agrees with Mr. Minzewski's observations except as to the color—which she reported as a dull metallic luster"
- Object last observed April 1947 at 1100E at 15 thousand feet
- "The disk was followed for 15 seconds, apparently moving on level flight from east to west to far north of the station"
- "The object was a metallic like chrome shaped something like an ellipse with a flat level bottom and a dome like-round top"
- "The disk appeared below the balloon, was much larger in size in the instrument, and shined like silver"
- "It was impossible to estimate the height or speed of the object except that it appeared to be moving rather rapidly"
- "Miss Baron observed the disk when her balloon was at about 27 thousand feet. All days observed were either clear or with very few clouds and good visibility"
- "We hesitate to make this report concerning our pilot balloon observations in regard to a flying disk because of the considerable national skepticism regarding the subject at present"
- "However, local newspapers inform us that the U.S. Government admits no authority for such a ship or object and for its flights"
- "Therefore, we submit this report for your information. If sighted again, we wonder if it would be a good idea to drop the balloon and instead make observations on this disk"
- Flying disk phenomena | subject of investigation
- Pilot balloon observations | observation method context
- "Mr. Minzewski has observed this strange metallic disk on three occasions through the theodolite while making his pibal observation during the last six months" | observation report
- "The disk was followed for 15 seconds, apparently moving on level flight from east to west to far north of the station" | observation details
- "The object was a metallic like Chrome shaped something like an ellipse with a flat level bottom and a dome like-round top" | physical description
- "The disk appeared below the balloon, was much larger in size in the instrument, and shined like silver. It was impossible to estimate the height or speed of the object except that it appeared to be moving rather rapidly" | comparative analysis
- "We hesitate to make this report concerning our pilot balloon observations in regard to a flying disk because of the considerable national skepticism regarding the subject at present" | author assessment