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Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 - Unconventional Aircraft
Department of the Air Force memorandum establishing continuing requirements and reporting procedures for sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects ('Flying Discs').
Analysis
In February 1949, the U.S. government built its first unified UFO reporting system. Major General C. P. Cabell issued Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4, which told every intelligence agency in the country -- FBI, CIA, State Department, Army, Navy, Coast Guard -- exactly how to document a flying disc sighting. The memo codified 20+ observational requirements (shape, speed, sound, exhaust, manner of disappearance), demanded immediate cable/teletype transmission, routed everything to Wright-Patterson AFB, and told field offices to verify observer reliability through neighbors, police, and employers. The FBI's copy confirms the Bureau had a formal seat in the UFO reporting chain. This serial is mostly duplicate copies of the same memo, a testament to how widely it was distributed.
Key Findings
- The memorandum establishes the first formal inter-agency UFO reporting protocol, requiring immediate electrical transmission (cable/teletype) of sighting reports
- Reports were to be channeled through Air Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson AFB (ATTN: MCIAXO-3), which housed the primary analytical capability
- The document codifies 20+ specific observational requirements including object shape, speed, sound, maneuvers, exhaust characteristics, and manner of disappearance
- Observer reliability was to be verified through neighbors, police departments, FBI records, and employers
- The memorandum explicitly references "Flying Discs" alongside the broader category of "unconventional aircraft"
- Distribution to the FBI Director confirms the Bureau's formal role in the UFO reporting chain
- The document supersedes earlier collection guidance (Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948)
- Radar sighting data was specifically requested, including tracking data on range, speed, altitude, and target separation behavior
Page Extractions 137 pages
Page 1
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page_descriptionCover/envelope page of FBI file 62-HQ-83894 Serial 164 with administrative labels and archival markings.
redactionsstamps and handwritten marks indicate file handling and classification processing
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page_descriptionAir Force Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 on unconventional aircraft, dated 15 February 1949, establishing reporting procedures for flying disc sightings.
dates
- 1949-02-15 | memorandum issue date
- 1948-01-21 | Department of Army Collection Memorandum Number 7
- 1948-03-26 | letter date (CSGID 425.1)
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. Air Force
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. Air Force
- Directorate of Intelligence | U.S. Air Force
- Air Materiel Command | U.S. Air Force
locationsWashington 25, D.C. | headquarters location
people[signature illegible] | signer unknown
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observationsPurpose is twofold: (a) to enumerate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called "Flying Discs"; (b) to establish procedures for reporting such information.
assessmentsDepartment of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948, and letter CSGID 425.1, dated 26 March 1948, both subject as above, which have been transferred to Air Force agencies for action, are herewith superseded.
references
- Department of Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 | dated 21 January 1948 | superseded by this memorandum
- Letter CSGID 425.1 | dated 26 March 1948 | superseded by this memorandum
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum detailing reporting channels and requirements for unconventional aircraft sightings across Air Force and affiliated organizations.
organizations
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Major Air Commands (Overseas)
- Air Materiel Command | Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
- Non-Air Force Agencies
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observations
- Reports will be forwarded via specified channels to Air Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio with attention to MCIAXO-3
- Supplementary written reports prepared on AF Form 112 will be forwarded to the Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command is authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control in connection with the development of information on this subject
references
- AF Form 112 | reporting form for supplementary written reports
- PART II - REQUIREMENTS | following section detailing information gathering standards
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page_descriptionPART II - REQUIREMENTS section detailing information gathering standards for unconventional aircraft sightings, including observer position data, object characteristics, and environmental factors.
observations
- Requirements include date of sighting, time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock), observer's position (ground, air, or sea)
- Physical characteristics required: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city, town or known landmark
- Observable details: color, shape, apparent construction, size (estimated and as appeared from observer's view)
- Appearance details: direction of flight, tactics or maneuvers (vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic)
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
- Effect on clouds: opened path, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed thru cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinking on and off in relation to speed
- Support mechanisms: wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location details
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page_descriptionContinuation of PART II requirements covering additional physical characteristics, manner of disappearance, observer information, and radar sighting data.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed: M.P.H.
- Sound: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer reliability assessment: name, address, occupation, place of business, pertinent hobbies (amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer)
- Observer ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Reliability sources: neighbors, police dept., FBI records, employer
- Notes on sighting circumstances: sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) via sound, motion, or glint of light; degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting (for airborne observers)
- Witness information: addresses, occupation, reliability
assessmentsRadar Sightings section requires observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target; note any separation of distant target into several targets upon approach; tracking data if possible
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page_descriptionFinal requirements section covering radar operations, general environmental data, photographic evidence gathering, and signed authorization.
observations
- Radar Sightings - Airborne: inquire about radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits; obtain size, speed, maneuvers estimates
- General: teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft report
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time (check Canadian activity if close to border)
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Photography: obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth (if this happened), maneuvers, and formation if objects were more than two
- Signed statement from observers
- Fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Radio antenna: observe any projections or extentions that might presumably be construed as such
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas
- All United States Air Attachés
- Director of Central Intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
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page_descriptionDuplicate copy of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4, dated 15 February 1949, showing the same document repeated with identical content and layout.
dates1949-02-15 | memorandum issue date
organizations
- Department of the Air Force
- Headquarters United States Air Force
- Directorate of Intelligence
locationsWashington 25, D.C. | headquarters location
observationsThis is a duplicate/reproduction of page 2, containing the identical PURPOSE and RESCISSION sections with full text repeated
references
- Department of Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 | dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1 | dated 26 March 1948
- Document reference: 62-83894-164 | shown at bottom
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionDuplicate copy of PART I - GENERAL and PART II - REQUIREMENTS sections, repeating reporting channel instructions and information requirements for unconventional aircraft sightings.
organizations
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) and Air Attachés
- Air Materiel Command
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
observations
- Repeated content covering reporting channels through Major Air Commands, Air Materiel Command, and other designated agencies
- AF Form 112 specified as reporting form
- PART II requirements include date of sighting, time of sighting, observer position, ground/air/sea locations with specific geographic details
references
- AF Form 112 | reporting form
- MCIAXO-3 | attention line for Wright-Patterson AFB
- Part II - Requirements | information gathering standards section follows
redactionsDocument reference: 62-83894-164 | shown at bottom
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page_descriptionDuplicate copy of PART II requirements continuation covering physical characteristics of unconventional aircraft observations including appearance, propulsion, and control systems.
observations
- Air observations required: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city/town/landmark
- Clock position of object from observer's aircraft
- Sea observations: latitude and longitude, proximity to land (name city, country)
- Number of objects and formation type (if any)
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting
- Distance of object from observer: laterally or horizontally, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight
- Appearance details: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction (material or substance), size (estimated and as appeared from observer's view)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
- Effect on clouds: opened path thru clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed thru cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinking on and off in relation to speed
- Support: wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, location
referencesPART II - REQUIREMENTS | observation and data collection standards
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page_descriptionDuplicate copy of requirements for air ducts, speed, sound characteristics, manner of disappearance, observer background, and reliability assessment procedures.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed: M.P.H.
- Sound characteristics: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer information required: name, address, occupation, place of business, employer or employee status
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, length of time engaged in hobby (experience)
- Ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Reliability of observer sources: neighbors, police dept., FBI records, employer
- Notes on observer: sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) via sound, motion, or glint of light; degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting (for airborne observers)
- Witnesses: addresses, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
- Radar Sightings - Ground operations: range, speed, altitude, size of target observations; target turns (angle, radius); target stay time in turn; separation of distant target into several targets upon approach; track if possible
- Airborne radar: radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits, size, speed, maneuvers estimates
assessmentsComprehensive observer and witness reliability evaluation required for assessment of sighting validity
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page_descriptionDuplicate copy of GENERAL section covering environmental and contextual data collection requirements for sighting investigations.
observations
- Teletype sequences of local weather conditions required
- Winds aloft report required
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time (check Canadian activity if close to border)
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
assessmentsPhysical evidence collection and analysis methodology specified with emphasis on environmental context and comparative analysis
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page_descriptionDuplicate copy of photographic evidence and physical evidence requirements section with specific instructions for documentation and collection procedures.
observations
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of:
- a. Object
- b. Surrounding terrain where observed
- c. Place where it contacted earth (if this happened)
- d. Maneuvers
- e. Formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement from observers
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Radio antenna observation: observe any projections or extentions that might presumably be construed as such
assessments
- Documentation must be comprehensive with preference for photographs/negatives; sketches required as alternative
- Signed statements mandatory from all observers
- Physical evidence collection emphasized with particular attention to radio-related structural features
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page_descriptionSignature block and distribution list for Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4, showing authorization and intended recipients across U.S. government agencies.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/signer
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas
- All United States Air Attachés
- Director of Central Intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
references
- DISTRIBUTION list showing all recipients of the memorandum
- Document reference: 62-83894-164 | shown at bottom
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page_descriptionFinal page of an Air Force memorandum on unconventional aircraft reporting procedures, showing signature block and distribution list.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Directorate of Intelligence | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | government agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | military command
- Major Air Commands | military units
- United States Air Attaches | military positions
- Director of Central Intelligence | government agency
- Department of State | government agency
- GSUSA (Army) | military agency
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | military agency
- United States Coast Guard | military service
- Federal Bureau of Investigation | law enforcement agency
referencesAFM 200-5 | air force regulation referenced
quotes"Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | instruction in reporting procedures
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page_descriptionCover page of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 on unconventional aircraft, dated 15 February 1949.
dates1949-02-15 | date of memorandum
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | government agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | military command
- Directorate of Intelligence | military intelligence unit
- Air Materiel Command | military command
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | military installation
locations
- Washington 25, D.C. | document origin location
- Wright-Patterson AFB | military installation location
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 | dated 21 January 1948 | being superseded
- Letter CSGID 425.1 | dated 25 March 1948 | being superseded
- AF Form 112 | form to be used for reporting
quotes
- "unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.'" | subject matter
- "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | transmission instruction
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page_descriptionContinuation of memorandum detailing reporting procedures for unconventional aircraft sightings to various Air Force commands.
organizations
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | military commands
- Air Attaches | diplomatic military positions
- Director of Intelligence | headquarters position
- Air Materiel Command | military command at Wright-Patterson AFB
- Major Air Commands (ZI - Zone of Interior) | domestic military commands
- Non-Air Force Agencies | external organizations receiving reports
references
- AF Form 112 | form for written reports
- Part II | requirements section of memorandum
quotes
- "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | cable instruction
- "As complete an answer to the requirements enunciated in Part II, as may be procurable, should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings" | reporting requirement
- "Supplementary reports should be forwarded as available by the most expeditious means consistent with the importance of the information reported" | reporting procedure
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page_descriptionContinuation of memorandum Part II detailing general requirements for reporting sightings, including observer location and celestial phenomena.
referencesPart II - Requirements | main section of document
quotes
- "Date of sighting" | requirement 1
- "Time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock)" | requirement 2
- "Where sighted (observer's position)" | requirement 3
- "Number of objects" | requirement 4
- "Formation type (if any), sketch if possible" | requirement for multiple objects
- "Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting" | requirement 5
- "Distance of object from observer" | requirement 6
- "Laterally or horizontally" | distance measure
- "Angle of elevation from horizon" | distance measure
- "Altitude" | distance measure
- "Time in sight" | requirement 7
- "Appearance of object" | requirement 8
- "Color" | appearance element
- "Shape (Sketch if possible)" | appearance element
- "Apparent construction (Of what material or substance)" | appearance element
- "Size" | appearance element
- "Estimated size" | size specification
- "Size as it appeared from observer's view (Compared to known object)" | size specification
- "Direction of flight" | requirement 9
- "Tactics or maneuvers" | requirement 10
- "Vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic, etc." | maneuver types
- "Evidence of exhaust" | requirement 11
- "Color of smoke" | exhaust element
- "Length and width" | exhaust element
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements detailing exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lights, and support structures for unconventional aircraft.
references
- Part II - Requirements | continuation of specifications
- Katz Mayer effect | aerodynamic phenomenon referenced in propulsion section
quotes
- "Odor (if any)" | exhaust requirement
- "Rate of evaporation" | exhaust requirement
- "Does trail vary with sound? (spurts)" | exhaust requirement
- "Effect on clouds" | requirement 12
- "Opened path thru clouds" | cloud effect
- "Forced cloud or mists" | cloud effect
- "Reflected on cloud" | cloud effect
- "Showed thru cloud" | cloud effect
- "Lights" | requirement 13
- "Reflected or attached" | light type
- "Luminous" | light type
- "Blinked on and off in relation to speed" | light behavior
- "Support" | requirement 14
- "Wings" | support type
- "Aerodynamic list of fuselage" | support type
- "Vertical jet" | support type
- "Rotating cylinder or cone" | support type
- "Aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)" | support type
- "Propulsion" | requirement 15
- "Propeller or jet" | propulsion type
- "Rotor" | propulsion type
- "Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect)" | propulsion type
- "Visible exhaust or jet openings" | propulsion type
- "Control and stability" | requirement 16
- "Fins" | control element
- "Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical)" | control element
- "Size" | stabilizer specification
- "Shape" | stabilizer specification
- "Location" | stabilizer specification
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements detailing air ducts, speed, sound, disappearance manner, and observer characteristics.
quotes
- "Air ducts" | requirement 17
- "Slots" | air duct type
- "Duct openings" | air duct type
- "Speed - M.P.H." | requirement 18
- "Sound" | requirement 19
- "Continuous whine or buzz" | sound type
- "Roar, whistle, whoosh" | sound type
- "Intermittent" | sound type
- "Manner of disappearance" | requirement 20
- "Explode" | disappearance type
- "Possibility of fragments" | explosion detail
- "Other physical evidence" | explosion detail
- "Faded from view" | disappearance type
- "Disappeared behind obstacle" | disappearance type
- "Relative to the Observer" | section heading
- "Name of observer" | requirement 1
- "Address" | requirement 2
- "Occupation" | requirement 3
- "Place of business" | requirement 4
- "Employer or employee" | business detail
- "Pertinent hobbies" | requirement 5
- "Is observer amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc." | hobby detail
- "Length of time engaged in hobby (experience)" | hobby detail
- "Ability to determine" | requirement 6
- "Color" | ability element
- "Speed of moving objects" | ability element
- "Size at distance" | ability element
- "Reliability of observer" | requirement 7
- "Sources" | reliability verification
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page_descriptionContinuation of observer-related requirements and radar sighting requirements section.
referencesFBI records | source for observer reliability verification
quotes
- "Neighbors" | reliability source
- "Police Dept." | reliability source
- "FBI records" | reliability source
- "Employer" | reliability source
- "Notes relative to observer on" | requirement 8
- "Sightings in general" | observer note category
- "How attention was drawn to object(s)" | observer note category
- "Sound" | attention trigger
- "Motion" | attention trigger
- "Glint of light" | attention trigger
- "Degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting in cases where observer is airborne" | observer note category
- "Witnesses" | requirement 9
- "Addressees" | witness element
- "Occupation" | witness element
- "Reliability" | witness element
- "Comments of interrogator regarding the intelligence and character of person interrogated" | requirement 10
- "Relative to Radar Sightings" | section heading
- "Re radars operating on ground" | requirement 1
- "Observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target" | radar observation element
- "Did target executive any turns? If so, what angle (180 degrees), etc. and what radius of turn" | radar observation element
- "If radius of turn is not observable, how long did the target stay in the turn and what was its speed?" | radar observation element
- "Note particularly any separation of distant target into several targets upon approach. Track all if possible." | radar observation element
- "If airborne when object sighted" | requirement 2
- "Were there any radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits?" | airborne radar element
- "Give estimates of size, speed, maneuvers, etc." | airborne radar element
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page_descriptionFinal requirements section covering weather data, local flight schedules, testing devices, soil samples, radioactivity checks, photographs, signed statements, and physical evidence collection.
references
- Canadian activity | geographic area to check for flight schedules
- Ordnance | organization that may release testing devices
- Navy | organization that may release testing devices
- Air Force | organization that may release testing devices
- Army | organization that may release testing devices
- Weather Units | organization that may release testing devices
- Research Organizations | organization that may release testing devices
- Geiger counters | equipment for radioactivity measurement
- AF Form 112 | form for reporting
quotes
- "Teletype sequences of local weather conditions" | requirement 1
- "Winds aloft report" | requirement 2
- "Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time. (Check Canadian activity if close to that border.)" | requirement 3
- "Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other." | requirement 4
- "If object contacted earth, obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils." | requirement 5
- "If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity. Make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects, etc." | requirement 6
- "Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of:" | requirement 7
- "Object" | sketch element
- "Surrounding terrain where observed" | sketch element
- "Place where it contacted earth (if this happened)" | sketch element
- "Maneuvers" | sketch element
- "Formation if objects were more than two" | sketch element
- "Secure signed statement" | requirement 8
- "Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible" | requirement 9
- "Was any radio antenna to be observed, i.e., (any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such)." | requirement 10
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page_descriptionBlank page with RESTRICTED classification markings at top and bottom.
redactionsentire page | appears to be intentionally blank separator page
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 18 - cover page of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 on unconventional aircraft, dated 16 February 1949.
dates1949-02-16 | date of memorandum (note: one day later than page 18 version)
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | government agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | military command
- Directorate of Intelligence | military intelligence unit
- Air Materiel Command | military command
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | military installation
locations
- Washington 25, D.C. | document origin location
- Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio | military installation
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 | dated 21 January 1948 | being superseded
- Letter CSGID 425.1 | dated 25 March 1948 | being superseded
- AF Form 112 | form to be used for reporting
quotes
- "unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.'" | subject matter
- "To establish procedures for reporting such information" | purpose statement
- "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | transmission instruction
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionDuplicate of page 19 - continuation of memorandum detailing reporting procedures for unconventional aircraft sightings.
organizations
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | military commands
- Air Attaches | diplomatic military positions
- Director of Intelligence | headquarters position
- Air Materiel Command | military command
- Major Air Commands (ZI - Zone of Interior) | domestic military commands
- Non-Air Force Agencies | external organizations
references
- AF Form 112 | form for written reports
- Part II | requirements section of memorandum
quotes
- "Supplementary written reports, prepared on AF Form 112, will be forwarded to the Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force." | reporting requirement
- "Commanding General, Air Materiel Command is authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control in connection with the development of information on this subject." | authorization
- "Reports will be forwarded direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3 by installations receiving information pertaining to the requirements enunciated in Part II." | reporting procedure
- "As complete an answer to the requirements enunciated in Part II, as may be procurable, should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings." | core reporting requirement
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 20 - Part II general requirements section detailing observer location, celestial phenomena, distance, appearance, and object characteristics.
referencesPart II - Requirements | main requirements section
quotes
- "Date of sighting" | requirement 1
- "Time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock)" | requirement 2
- "Where sighted (observer's position)" | requirement 3
- "Ground" | observer position type
- "City, town" | ground location element
- "Distance and direction from city or town, road, intersection, etc." | ground location element
- "From building (story), yard, etc." | ground location element
- "Map coordinates (if feasible) showing latitude and longitude" | ground location element
- "Air" | observer position type
- "Type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight" | air observer element
- "Distance and direction from city, town or known landmark" | air observer element
- "Clock position of object from observer's aircraft" | air observer element
- "Latitude and longitude" | air observer element
- "Sea" | observer position type
- "Latitude and longitude" | sea observer element
- "Proximity to land. (Name city, country, etc.)" | sea observer element
- "Number of objects" | requirement 4
- "Formation type (if any), sketch if possible" | multiple objects element
- "Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting. (Local facilities or organizations which follow such celestial phenomena should be consulted for such information.)" | requirement 5
- "Distance of object from observer" | requirement 6
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 21 - continuation of Part II requirements detailing object appearance, maneuvers, exhaust, cloud effects, and structural characteristics.
referencesKatz Mayer effect | aerodynamic phenomenon for propulsion analysis
quotes
- "Laterally or horizontally" | distance measurement type
- "Angle of elevation from horizon" | distance measurement type
- "Altitude" | distance measurement type
- "Time in sight" | requirement 7
- "Appearance of object" | requirement 8
- "Color" | appearance element
- "Shape. (Sketch if possible)" | appearance element
- "Apparent construction. (Of what material or substance)" | appearance element
- "Size" | appearance element
- "Estimated size" | size type
- "Size as it appeared from observer's view. (Compared to known object)" | size type
- "Direction of flight" | requirement 9
- "Tactics or maneuvers" | requirement 10
- "Vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic, etc." | maneuver types
- "Evidence of exhaust" | requirement 11
- "Color of smoke" | exhaust element
- "Length and width" | exhaust element
- "Odor (if any)" | exhaust element
- "Rate of evaporation" | exhaust element
- "Does trail vary with sound? (spurts)" | exhaust element
- "Effect on clouds" | requirement 12
- "Opened path thru clouds" | cloud effect
- "Forced cloud or mists" | cloud effect
- "Reflected on cloud" | cloud effect
- "Showed thru cloud" | cloud effect
- "Lights" | requirement 13
- "Reflected or attached" | light type
- "Luminous" | light type
- "Blinked on and off in relation to speed" | light behavior
- "Support" | requirement 14
- "Wings" | support type
- "Aerodynamic list of fuselage" | support type
- "Vertical jet" | support type
- "Rotating cylinder or cone" | support type
- "Aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)" | support type
- "Propulsion" | requirement 15
- "Propeller or jet" | propulsion type
- "Rotor" | propulsion type
- "Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect)" | propulsion type
- "Visible exhaust or jet openings" | propulsion type
- "Control and stability" | requirement 16
- "Fins" | control element
- "Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical)" | control element
- "Size" | stabilizer specification
- "Shape" | stabilizer specification
- "Location" | stabilizer specification
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 22 - continuation of Part II requirements detailing air ducts, speed, sound, disappearance manner, and observer reliability.
quotes
- "Air ducts" | requirement 17
- "Slots" | air duct type
- "Duct openings" | air duct type
- "Speed - M.P.H." | requirement 18
- "Sound" | requirement 19
- "Continuous whine or buzz" | sound type
- "Roar, whistle, whoosh" | sound type
- "Intermittent" | sound type
- "Manner of disappearance" | requirement 20
- "Explode" | disappearance type
- "Possibility of fragments" | explosion detail
- "Other physical evidence" | explosion detail
- "Faded from view" | disappearance type
- "Disappeared behind obstacle" | disappearance type
- "Relative to the Observer" | section heading
- "Name of observer" | requirement 1
- "Address" | requirement 2
- "Occupation" | requirement 3
- "Place of business" | requirement 4
- "Employer or employee" | business detail
- "Pertinent hobbies" | requirement 5
- "Is observer amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc." | hobby detail
- "Length of time engaged in hobby (experience)" | hobby detail
- "Ability to determine" | requirement 6
- "Color" | ability element
- "Speed of moving objects" | ability element
- "Size at distance" | ability element
- "Reliability of observer" | requirement 7
- "Sources" | reliability verification method
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum listing witness reliability sources and radar sighting observation requirements.
sections
- witness_reliability_sources:
- - Neighbors
- - Police Department
- - FBI records
- - Employer
- observer_notes_categories:
- - General sightings
- - How attention was drawn to object(s): Sound, Motion, Glint of light
- - Degree of fatigue and duration of flight (for airborne observers)
- witness_information_required:
- - Addresses
- - Occupation
- - Reliability assessment
- interrogator_assessment:
- - Intelligence and character of person interrogated
- radar_sighting_requirements_ground:
- - Observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target
- - Target turns: angle (180 degrees) and radius of turn
- - Duration in turn and speed if radius not observable
- - Separation of distant target into several targets upon approach
- radar_sighting_requirements_airborne:
- - Radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits
- - Estimates of size, speed, maneuvers
- general_information_required:
- - Teletype sequences of local weather conditions
- - Winds aloft report
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page_descriptionConclusion of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum with additional investigation procedures and authorized signature.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/signatory
general_investigation_requirements
- Local flight schedules: commercial, private, and military aircraft in vicinity (including Canadian activity if near border)
- Possible releases of testing devices: Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations
- Soil samples: if object contacted earth, obtain samples within and without depression/landing spot for comparison
- Radioactivity check: if object came near other aircraft or known objects, use Geiger counters and compare with unaffected aircraft
- Photographs or sketches: object, surrounding terrain, contact point (if landed), maneuvers, formation (if multiple objects)
- Signed statement from witness(es)
- Physical evidence: fragments or other evidence where possible
- Radio antenna observation: any projections or extensions that might be construed as such
distribution_list
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas
- All United States Air Attaches
- Director of Central Intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
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page_descriptionAir Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 from the Department of the Air Force establishing procedures for reporting sightings of unconventional aircraft and flying discs.
dates1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. military
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Directorate of Intelligence | U.S. military
- Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | U.S. military
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | not yet visible on this page
document_typeAir Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4
subjectUnconventional Aircraft
purpose_statement
- "The purpose of this memorandum is twofold:"
- "a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.'"
- "b. To establish procedures for reporting such information."
rescission
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
- Both documents transferred to Air Force agencies and superseded
reporting_procedures_overseas
- Initial and supplementary cabled reports transmitted to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables must contain phrase: "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
locationWashington 25, D.C.
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum detailing reporting procedures for Major Air Commands (ZI), Non-Air Force Agencies, and basic sighting observation requirements.
reporting_procedures
- supplementary_written_reports:
- - Prepared on AF Form 112
- - Forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- air_materiel_command_authorization:
- - Direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control for information development
- major_air_commands_zi:
- - Reports forwarded directly to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- - Copies may be supplied to Command Headquarters of installation concerned
- - All reports also forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- - Written reports submitted on AF Form 112
- - Commanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (ZI)
- non_air_force_agencies:
- - Requested to forward reports directly to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- - Subordinate elements authorized to communicate reports directly to Air Materiel Command where communications facilities permit
part_ii_general_requirements
- 1. Date of sighting
- 2. Time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock)
- 3. Where sighted (observer's position):
- a. Ground:
- - City, town
- - Distance and direction from city/town, road, intersection, etc.
- - From building (story), yard, etc.
- - Map coordinates (if feasible) showing latitude and longitude
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements with observer position specifications and object appearance observation requirements.
observer_position_requirements
- air_observer:
- - Type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight
- - Distance and direction from city, town or known landmark
- - Clock position of object from observer's aircraft
- - Latitude and longitude
- sea_observer:
- - Latitude and longitude
- - Proximity to land (Name city, country, etc.)
object_characteristics_requirements
- Number of objects
- Formation type (if any), sketch if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting
- Distance of object from observer:
- - Laterally or horizontally
- - Angle of elevation from horizon
- - Altitude
- Time in sight
- Appearance of object:
- - Color
- - Shape (Sketch if possible)
- - Apparent construction (Of what material or substance)
- - Size:
- - Estimated size
- - Size as it appeared from observer's view (Compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: Vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic, etc.
- Evidence of exhaust:
- - Color of smoke
- - Length and width
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page_descriptionContinuation of observation requirements covering exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lighting, support systems, and propulsion features.
exhaust_characteristics
- Odor (if any)
- Rate of evaporation
- Does trail vary with sound? (spurts)
effect_on_clouds
- Opened path thru clouds
- Forced cloud or mists
- Reflected on cloud
- Showed thru cloud
lighting_characteristics
- Reflected or attached
- Luminous
- Blinked on and off in relation to speed
support_mechanisms
- Wings
- Aerodynamic list of fuselage
- Vertical jet
- Rotating cylinder or cone
- Aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
propulsion_mechanisms
- Propeller or jet
- Rotor
- Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect)
- Visible exhaust or jet openings
control_and_stability
- Fins
- Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical):
- - Size
- - Shape
- - Location
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page_descriptionContinuation of observation requirements covering air ducts, speed, sound, manner of disappearance, and observer characteristics.
air_ducts
- Slots
- Duct openings
performance_characteristicsSpeed - M.P.H.
sound_characteristics
- Continuous whine or buzz
- Roar, whistle, whoosh
- Intermittent
manner_of_disappearance
- Explode:
- - Possibility of fragments
- - Other physical evidence
- Faded from view
- Disappeared behind obstacle
observer_information
- Name of observer
- Address
- Occupation
- Place of business:
- - Employer or employee
- Pertinent hobbies:
- - Is observer amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc.
- - Length of time engaged in hobby (experience)
- Ability to determine:
- - Color
- - Speed of moving objects
- - Size at distance
- Reliability of observer:
- - Sources
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements listing witness reliability sources and radar sighting observation requirements (appears to be duplicate of page 31).
observer_reliability_sources
- Neighbors
- Police Department
- FBI records
- Employer
observer_notes_required
- General sightings
- How attention was drawn to object(s):
- - Sound
- - Motion
- - Glint of light
- Degree of fatigue and duration of flight (for airborne observers)
witness_information
- Addresses
- Occupation
- Reliability
interrogator_commentsComments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
radar_sighting_requirements_ground
- Observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target
- Target turns: angle (180 degrees) and radius of turn
- - If radius not observable, duration in turn and speed
- Separation of distant target into several targets upon approach
- Track all if possible
radar_sighting_requirements_airborne
- Radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits
- Estimates of size, speed, maneuvers, etc.
general_requirements
- Teletype sequences of local weather conditions
- Winds aloft report
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page_descriptionConclusion of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum with final investigation procedures and authorized signature.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | signatory
additional_investigation_requirements
- Local flight schedules: commercial, private, and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time (Check Canadian activity if close to that border)
- Possible releases of testing devices: sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other
- Soil sampling: if object contacted earth, obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils
- Radioactivity check: if object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects, check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Photographs or sketches:
- - Object
- - Surrounding terrain where observed
- - Place where it contacted earth (if this happened)
- - Maneuvers
- - Formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Radio antenna observation: any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such
distribution
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas
- All United States Air Attaches
- Director of Central Intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
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page_descriptionAir Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 cover page and beginning of document establishing procedures for reporting sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects.
dates1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
locationsWashington 25, D.C. | Department headquarters
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. military
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Directorate of Intelligence | U.S. military
document_identification
- Title: Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4
- Subject: Unconventional Aircraft
- Part: Part I - General
purpose
- "The purpose of this memorandum is twofold:"
- "a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.'"
- "b. To establish procedures for reporting such information."
rescission
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
- Both transferred to Air Force agencies and superseded
reporting_general
- Complete answers to Part II requirements dispatched by electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports forwarded as available by most expeditious means consistent with information importance
reporting_overseas
- Initial and supplementary cabled reports transmitted to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables contain phrase: "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
page_number1 (of new document section)
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page_descriptionReporting procedures for supplementary reports, Major Air Commands (Overseas), and Air Materiel Command authorization.
reporting_procedures_written
- Prepared on AF Form 112
- Forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
air_materiel_command_authorizationCommanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control for development of information on this subject
major_air_commands_zi_procedures
- Reports forwarded directly to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Copies may be supplied to Command Headquarters of installation concerned
- Copy of all reports sent to Air Materiel Command also forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Written reports submitted on AF Form 112
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (ZI) and organizations under their control for information development
non_air_force_agencies
- Addressed addressees other than United States Air Force requested to forward reports directly to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- To reduce transmission time, subordinate elements authorized to communicate reports directly to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command where communications facilities permit
part_ii_general_requirements
- Date of sighting
- Time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock)
- Where sighted (observer's position):
- - Ground:
- - City, town
- - Distance and direction from city or town, road, intersection, etc.
- - From building (story), yard, etc.
- - Map coordinates (if feasible) showing latitude and longitude
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II Requirements covering observer position specifications for air and sea observers, and object characteristics.
observer_position_air
- Type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight
- Distance and direction from city, town or known landmark
- Clock position of object from observer's aircraft
- Latitude and longitude
observer_position_sea
- Latitude and longitude
- Proximity to land (Name city, country, etc.)
object_characteristics
- Number of objects
- Formation type (if any), sketch if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting (Local facilities or organizations which follow such celestial phenomena should be consulted)
- Distance of object from observer:
- - Laterally or horizontally
- - Angle of elevation from horizon
- - Altitude
- Time in sight
- Appearance of object:
- - Color
- - Shape (Sketch if possible)
- - Apparent construction (Of what material or substance)
- - Size:
- - Estimated size
- - Size as it appeared from observer's view (Compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: Vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic, etc.
- Evidence of exhaust:
- - Color of smoke
- - Length and width
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II Requirements covering exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lighting, support and propulsion systems, and control features.
exhaust_characteristics
- Odor (if any)
- Rate of evaporation
- Does trail vary with sound? (spurts)
effect_on_clouds
- Opened path thru clouds
- Forced cloud or mists
- Reflected on cloud
- Showed thru cloud
lighting
- Reflected or attached
- Luminous
- Blinked on and off in relation to speed
support_mechanisms
- Wings
- Aerodynamic list of fuselage
- Vertical jet
- Rotating cylinder or cone
- Aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
propulsion_mechanisms
- Propeller or jet
- Rotor
- Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect)
- Visible exhaust or jet openings
control_and_stability
- Fins
- Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical):
- - Size
- - Shape
- - Location
page_number4
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page_descriptionPage 5 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 listing detailed observation categories for unconventional aircraft sightings, including air ducts, speed, sound characteristics, manner of disappearance, and observer reliability information.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone listed on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Air ducts: slots and duct openings
- Speed measurement in M.P.H.
- Sound characteristics: continuous whine or buzz, roar/whistle/whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with possibility of fragments or physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesnone listed on this page
redactionsnone apparent
quotesnone present
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page_descriptionPage 6 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 continuing requirements for UFO sighting reports, covering witness information, interrogator comments, radar sighting procedures, and general information needs.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Witness information to be obtained: addresses, occupation, reliability
- Radar operating on ground: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target; target turn angles and radius; target separation and tracking
- Airborne observations: radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits; estimates of size, speed, maneuvers
- General information: teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft reports
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesnone listed on this page
redactionsnone apparent
quotes
- "Did target executive any turns? If so, what angle (180°), etc. and what radius of turn. If radius of turn is not observable, how long did the target stay in the turn and what was its speed?" | reporting requirement
- "Note particularly any separation of distant target into several targets upon approach. Track all if possible." | reporting requirement
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page_descriptionPage 7 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 concluding the general requirements section with final data collection procedures and distribution list for the memorandum.
datesnone visible on this page
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas | USAF
- All United States Air Attaches | State Department
- Director of Central Intelligence | intelligence community
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | State Department
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | military intelligence
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | Navy
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | Coast Guard
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Local flight schedules to be checked for commercial, private and military aircraft operating in vicinity, including Canadian activity if near border
- Possible releases of testing devices by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or other entities
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or landing spot for comparison
- If object came near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for radioactivity
- Obtain photographs or original negatives; if not available, secure sketches of object, surrounding terrain, earth contact point, maneuvers, formation
- Secure signed statement from observers
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Observe for radio antenna or projections/extensions
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesnone listed on this page
redactionsnone apparent
quotesnone present
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page_descriptionBlank page with only RESTRICTED classification marking at top and bottom.
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionFirst page of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 dated 15 February 1949, establishing purpose and procedures for reporting sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects.
dates
- 1949-02-15 | date of memorandum
- 1948-01-21 | Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7
- 1948-03-25 | letter CSGID 425.1
peoplenone named on this page
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | issuing agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | issuing organization
- Directorate of Intelligence | issuing directorate
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force | report destination
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | report destination
- MCIAXO-3 | attention designation
locations
- Washington 25, D.C. | office location
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | reporting destination
- Zone time | time reference standard
observations
- Purpose is to establish continuing Air Force requirements for information on sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including so-called "Flying Discs"
- Rescission of previous memoranda: Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 dated 21 January 1948 and letter CSGID 425.1 dated 25 March 1948
- Reports should be dispatched immediately by electrical transmission after sightings
- Supplementary reports forwarded by most expeditious means
assessmentsReports are to be as complete as procurable under Part II requirements
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
redactionsnone apparent
quotes
- "Flying Discs" | quoted terminology
- "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3." | cable phrase
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page_descriptionPage 2 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 detailing reporting procedures for different Air Force commands and non-Air Force agencies, including submission requirements using AF Form 112.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone named on this page
organizations
- Supplementary written reports destination: Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command | authorized for direct contact with major Air Commands
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | reporting command level
- Command Headquarters of installation | report recipients
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force | report recipient
- Non-Air Force Agencies | reporting group
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | destination
- Dayton, Ohio | location
- MCIAXO-3 | attention code
locationsWright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | primary reporting destination
observations
- AF Form 112 used for supplementary written reports
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control
- Reports forwarded direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command by ZI installations
- Copies may be supplied to Command Headquarters of installation concerned
- All reports to Air Materiel Command also forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Non-Air Force agencies requested to forward reports to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
- Communications facilities authorization for subordinate elements to report directly to Air Materiel Command
assessmentsDirect communication authorized to reduce time factors in information transmission
referencesAF Form 112 | reporting form
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Attn: MCIAXO-3" | attention designation
Page 52
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 2-3 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 containing Part II Requirements section covering general sighting location data for ground, air, and sea observations.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone specific listed on this page (section describes requirement types only)
observations
- Date of sighting required
- Time of sighting on 24-hour zonal clock
- Observer's position location information required for ground observations: city/town, distance and direction from city/town/road/intersection, building story/yard reference, map coordinates with latitude and longitude
- Observer's position for air observations: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city/town or known landmark; clock position of object from observer's aircraft; latitude and longitude
- Observer's position for sea observations: latitude and longitude; proximity to land with city/country name
- Number of objects with formation type and sketches if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting; consult local facilities for information
- Distance of object from observer: lateral/horizontal distance, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight required
- Appearance of object: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction material/substance, size (estimated and compared to known objects)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesLocal facilities and organizations | for celestial phenomena information
redactionsnone apparent
quotesnone present
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 3-4 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 continuing requirements for evidence of exhaust, cloud effects, lights, support mechanisms, and propulsion characteristics of unconventional aircraft.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width, odor if any, rate of evaporation, variation of trail with sound (spurts)
- Effect on clouds: opened path through clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed
- Support mechanisms: wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) with Katz Mayer effect reference, visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location specifications
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesKatz Mayer effect | propulsion phenomenon
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect)" | technical terminology
Page 54
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 4-5 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 continuing technical requirements for control/stability features, air ducts, speed, sound characteristics, manner of disappearance, and observer information.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Control and stability continued: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) noting size, shape, location
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed measurement in M.P.H.
- Sound characteristics: continuous whine or buzz, roar/whistle/whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with fragments and other physical evidence possibilities), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer identification: name, address, occupation, place of business, employer or employee status
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc., with length of experience
- Observer ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Observer reliability: sources (neighbors, Police Department, FBI records, employer)
- Notes on observer regarding sightings in general
- Observer attention drawn by: sound, motion, glint of light
- Degree of fatigue and flight duration at time of sighting for airborne observers
assessmentsnone listed on this page
references
- FBI records | reliability source
- Police Department | reliability source
redactionsnone apparent
quotesnone present
Page 55
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 5-6 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 continuing observer and witness information requirements, radar sighting procedures, and general information collection directives.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone listed on this page
observations
- Witnesses: addresses, occupation, reliability information
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
- Radar sightings on ground: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target, target turns with angles and radius, target separation into multiple targets upon approach, tracking all if possible
- Airborne radar observations: radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits, estimates of size, speed, maneuvers
- General information required: teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft reports, local flight schedules of commercial/private/military aircraft in vicinity (including Canadian activity if near border)
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or other entities
- If object contacted earth: soil samples within and without depression or landing spot for comparison purposes
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity, make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesnone listed on this page
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Did target executive any turns?" | reporting requirement
Page 56
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 6-7 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 concluding data collection procedures for photography, physical evidence, and antenna observation, with signature and distribution list.
datesnone visible on this page
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/signer
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas | USAF command structure
- All United States Air Attaches | diplomatic-military liaison
- Director of Central Intelligence | intelligence community
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | State Department intelligence
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | Army intelligence
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | Navy intelligence
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | Coast Guard intelligence
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI
locationsWright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | primary receiving location
observations
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not available, secure sketches of: object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth if applicable, maneuvers, formation if objects more than two
- Secure signed statement from observers
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Observe for radio antenna: any projections or extensions that might be construed as antenna
- Signed by C. P. Cabell, Major General, USAF, Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations
- Distribution to nine major addresses
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesnone listed on this page
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Was any radio antenna to be observed, i.e., (any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such)." | reporting requirement
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page_descriptionBlank page with only RESTRICTED classification marking at top and bottom.
Page 58
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionFirst page of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 dated 15 February 1949 from Department of the Air Force establishing purpose and rescission of prior memoranda for unconventional aircraft reporting procedures.
dates
- 1949-02-15 | date of memorandum
- 1948-01-21 | prior memorandum dated
- 1948-03-25 | prior letter dated
peoplenone named on this page
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | issuing agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | issuing organization
- Directorate of Intelligence | issuing directorate
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force | reporting destination
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command | reporting destination
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | location
locations
- Washington 25, D.C. | office address
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | reporting destination
observations
- Purpose is twofold: to establish continuing Air Force requirements for information on sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including "Flying Discs," and to establish procedures for reporting such information
- Rescission of Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 (dated 21 January 1948) and letter CSGID 425.1 (dated 25 March 1948)
- Both prior memoranda transferred to Air Force agencies and superseded
- Initial reports should be complete answers to Part II requirements, dispatched by electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports forwarded as available by most expeditious means
assessmentsPrior memoranda requirements transferred to Air Force jurisdiction
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
redactionsnone apparent
quotes
- "Flying Discs" | quoted term for unidentified flying objects
- "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3." | cable routing instruction
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 2 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 detailing reporting procedures for Major Air Commands and non-Air Force agencies, with reference to AF Form 112 for written reports.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone named on this page
organizations
- Supplementary written reports destination: Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command | authorized for direct contact with air commands
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | command level
- Air Attaches | diplomatic-military personnel
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | Zone of Interior command level
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | primary destination
- Command Headquarters | local reporting destination
- Non-Air Force Agencies | reporting group
- Federal Bureau of Investigation | potential reporting agency
locationsWright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | primary reporting address
observations
- Supplementary written reports prepared on AF Form 112 forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control
- Major Air Commands (ZI) submit reports direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Copies of reports may be supplied to Command Headquarters of installation concerned
- All reports to Air Materiel Command also forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Written reports submitted on AF Form 112
- Non-Air Force agencies requested to forward reports direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
- Communications facility authorization for subordinate elements to communicate reports directly to Air Materiel Command to reduce transmission time
assessmentsDirect communication reduces time factor in transmission of sighting information
referencesAF Form 112 | required reporting form
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Attn: MCIAXO-3" | attention designation
Page 60
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doc_typememo
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPage 2-3 of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 containing Part II Requirements section with general sighting data collection requirements for ground, air, and sea locations.
datesnone visible on this page
peoplenone identified on this page
organizationsnone listed on this page
locationsnone specific (section describes requirement categories only)
observations
- Date of sighting required
- Time of sighting on 24-hour zonal clock
- Observer's position for ground observations: city/town, distance and direction from city/town/road/intersection, building story/yard information, map coordinates showing latitude and longitude
- Observer's position for air observations: aircraft type, speed, altitude, direction of flight, distance and direction from city/town or known landmark, clock position of object from observer's aircraft, latitude and longitude
- Observer's position for sea observations: latitude and longitude, proximity to land with city/country names
- Number of objects with formation type and sketches if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting; consultation with local facilities or organizations
- Distance of object from observer: lateral or horizontal distance, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight required
- Appearance of object: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction (material or substance), estimated size, size compared to known object
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
assessmentsnone listed on this page
referencesLocal facilities or organizations | for celestial phenomena information
redactionsnone apparent
quotes"Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting" | reporting requirement
Page 61
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO sighting report form covering observation details including trail appearance, cloud effects, lights, support systems, and propulsion methods.
observations
- Trail appearance: color, odor, rate of evaporation, variation with sound (spurts)
- Cloud effects: opened path through clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed
- Support systems: wings, aerodynamic lift of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location details
Page 62
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO report form covering air ducts, speed, sound characteristics, manner of disappearance, and observer-related information requirements.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed measurement in M.P.H.
- Sound: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer information: name, address, occupation, place of business (employer or employee)
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer status and length of time engaged
- Observer ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Observer reliability: sources including neighbors, police dept, FBI records, employer
- Witness information: addresses, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
Page 63
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO report form covering observer sighting notes, radar sighting requirements, and general weather/aircraft information requirements.
observations
- Notes relative to observer: prior sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) (sound, motion, glint of light), degree of fatigue and flight duration at time of sighting for airborne observers
- Radar sightings requirements: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target; target turns and turning radius; separation of distant target into several targets upon approach
- Airborne radar requirements: radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits; estimates of size, speed, maneuvers
- General requirements: teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft report
Page 64
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionFinal page of UFO report form covering general collection requirements including aircraft schedules, testing devices, soil sampling, radioactivity checks, and physical evidence collection.
observations
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at time; check Canadian activity if close to border
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for comparison of soils
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of: object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth (if this happened), maneuvers, formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Was any radio antenna to be observed, i.e., any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/authority
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas | USAF
- All United States Air Attaches | USAF
- Director of Central Intelligence | US intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | US State Dept
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | US Navy
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | USCG
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI
Page 65
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Page 66
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doc_typememorandum
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionDepartment of Air Force memorandum establishing Air Intelligence Requirements for unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects reporting.
dates1949-02-15 | issuance date of memorandum
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | US military
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | USAF command
observationsPurpose of memorandum is twofold: (a) To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called "Flying Discs"; (b) To establish procedures for reporting such information
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948 | superseded
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948 | superseded
quotes"Flying Discs" | quoted designation for unidentified flying objects
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doc_typememorandum
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionReporting procedures and requirements for UFO sightings, including instructions for Major Air Commands, overseas commands, air attaches, and non-Air Force agencies.
observations
- As complete an answer to the requirements as may be procurable should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports should be forwarded as available by the most expeditious means consistent with importance of information reported
- Initial and supplementary cabled reports will be transmitted to the Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables will contain the phrase "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
- Supplementary written reports prepared on AF Form 112 will be forwarded to the Director of Intelligence
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command is authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control
- Reports from Major Air Commands (ZI) will be forwarded direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Non-Air Force Agencies are requested to forward reports direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
organizations
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | USAF
- Air Attaches | USAF
- Air Materiel Command | USAF
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | USAF
- Non-Air Force Agencies | other agencies
Page 68
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doc_typememorandum
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionPart II of memorandum detailing requirements for UFO sighting reports including date, time, location, number of objects, distance, appearance, and flight characteristics.
observations
- Date of sighting required
- Time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock) required
- Location of sighting (observer's position) required:
- - Ground: city, town; distance and direction from city or town, road, intersection; from building (story), yard; map coordinates (if feasible) showing latitude and longitude
- - Air: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city, town or known landmark; clock position of object from observer's aircraft; latitude and longitude
- - Sea: latitude and longitude; proximity to land (name city, country)
- Number of objects and formation type (if any) with sketch if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting
- Distance of object from observer: laterally or horizontally, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight
- Appearance of object: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction (material or substance), size (estimated size, size as it appeared from observer's view compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
Page 69
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements covering exhaust evidence, cloud effects, lighting, support systems, and propulsion characteristics for UFO observations.
observations
- Evidence of exhaust: odor (if any), rate of evaporation, does trail vary with sound (spurts)
- Effect on clouds: opened path through clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed
- Support systems: wings, aerodynamic lift of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location details
Page 70
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements covering air ducts, speed, sound, disappearance methods, and observer-specific information requirements.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed in M.P.H. required
- Sound: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explode (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer information required: name, address, occupation, place of business (employer or employee)
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer status; length of time engaged in hobby (experience)
- Observer ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Reliability of observer: sources (neighbors, police dept, FBI records, employer)
- Witness information: addresses, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
Page 71
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of observer requirements and radar sighting requirements for UFO reports, including general weather and aircraft information collection requirements.
observations
- Notes relative to observer: sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) (sound, motion, glint of light), degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting in cases where observer is airborne
- Witnesses: addresses, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding the intelligence and character of person interrogated
- Radar sightings requirements on ground: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target; did target executive any turns (if so, what angle [180°], etc. and what radius of turn; if radius of turn is not observable, how long did the target stay in the turn and what was its speed); note particularly any separation of distant target into several targets upon approach, track all if possible
- If airborne when object sighted: were there any radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits; give estimates of size, speed, maneuvers
- General requirements: teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft report
Page 72
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionFinal general requirements for UFO sighting reports including aircraft schedules, testing devices, soil sampling, radioactivity checks, photographs, signed statements, and physical evidence collection.
observations
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time; check Canadian activity if close to that border
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of: object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth (if this happened), maneuvers, formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Was any radio antenna to be observed, i.e., (any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such)
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas | USAF
- All United States Air Attaches | USAF diplomatic/military
- Director of Central Intelligence | US intelligence
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | US State Dept
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | GSUSA
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | US Navy
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | USCG
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI
Page 73
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Page 74
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doc_typememorandum
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionHeader and opening sections of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 on unconventional aircraft, dated 15 February 1949.
dates1949-02-15 | issuance date of memorandum
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | authority
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | issuing authority
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF intelligence branch
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | USAF command
observations
- Purpose of memorandum is twofold: (a) To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called "Flying Discs"; (b) To establish procedures for reporting such information
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948, and letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948, both subject as above, which have been transferred to Air Force agencies for action, are herewith superseded
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 | dated 1948-01-21 | superseded
- Letter CSGID 425.1 | dated 1948-03-25 | superseded
quotes"Flying Discs" | designation for unidentified flying objects
Page 75
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doc_typememorandum
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionReporting procedures and Part II requirements for UFO sighting reports covering submission channels, form requirements, and basic observation data.
observations
- As complete an answer to the requirements enunciated in Part II as may be procurable should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports should be forwarded as available by the most expeditious means consistent with the importance of the information reported
- Initial and supplementary cabled reports will be transmitted to the Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables will contain the phrase "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
- Supplementary written reports prepared on AF Form 112 will be forwarded to the Director of Intelligence
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command is authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control
- Reports from Major Air Commands (ZI) will be forwarded direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Written reports will be submitted on AF Form 112
- Non-Air Force Agencies are requested to forward reports direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Part II Requirements General: date of sighting, time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock), where sighted (observer's position) including ground locations (city/town, distance and direction, building story/yard, map coordinates with latitude and longitude)
Page 76
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionUFO sighting report requirements form covering aircraft observation conditions and visual phenomenon documentation.
observations
- Type aircraft specifications: speed, altitude, direction of flight
- Distance and direction from city, town or known landmark
- Clock position of object from observer's aircraft
- Latitude and longitude of observation
- Air and sea location parameters
- Number of objects observed with formation type and sketch if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting
assessmentsLocal facilities or organizations following celestial phenomena should be consulted for information
Page 77
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO sighting requirements covering object appearance, support systems, and propulsion characteristics.
observations
- Distance of object from observer: lateral/horizontal distance, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight duration
- Appearance of object: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction material or substance, size (estimated and compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
- Effect on clouds: opened path through clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed
- Support systems: wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location details
Page 78
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO sighting form covering air ducts, speed, sound, disappearance manner, and observer characteristics.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed in M.P.H.
- Sound characteristics: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explosion (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer name, address, occupation, place of business
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer experience
- Ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Reliability of observer sources: neighbors, police department, FBI records, employer
Page 79
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doc_typeform
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of UFO form covering observer notes, witnesses, radar sightings, and general information collection requirements.
observations
- Notes relative to observer on: sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) (sound, motion, glint of light)
- Degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting in cases where observer is airborne
- Witnesses: addressees, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
- Radar sightings: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target
- Target maneuvers: turns with angle (180 degrees), radius of turn data
- Separation of distant target into several targets upon approach to be tracked
- Airborne radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft in vicinity
- Possible releases of testing devices sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other entity
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page_descriptionFinal page of UFO form requirements with signature and distribution list for U.S. Air Force intelligence regarding unconventional aircraft.
observations
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed for comparison purposes
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity
- Make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of: object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth (if this happened), maneuvers, formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement from observers
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Inquire about any radio antenna observed (any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such)
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/signer
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands, ZI and Overseas | USAF
- All United States Air Attaches | USAF
- Director of Central Intelligence | U.S. Government
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | U.S. Government
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | USAF
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | U.S. Navy
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | USCG
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | FBI
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
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page_descriptionDepartment of the Air Force memorandum establishing intelligence requirements for unconventional aircraft and flying disc sightings dated 15 February 1949.
dates
- 1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
- 1948-01-21 | Date of Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 (rescinded)
- 1948-03-25 | Date of letter CSGID 425.1 (rescinded)
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | USAF
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF
- Air Materiel Command | USAF
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | USAF
- Major Air Commands (overseas) | USAF
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | USAF
observations
- Purpose is twofold: enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information on unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects including "Flying Discs"; establish procedures for reporting such information
- As complete an answer to requirements in Part II should be dispatched by electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports should be forwarded as available by most expeditious means
- Major Air Commands (overseas) and Air Attaches shall transmit initial and supplementary cabled reports to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables will contain phase "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
references
- Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
quotes
- "Unconventional Aircraft" | document title/subject
- "Flying Discs" | referenced terminology
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page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 describing reporting procedures for Major Air Commands (ZI), Non-Air Force Agencies, and general requirements section.
observations
- Supplementary written reports prepared on AF Form 112 to be forwarded to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Commanding General, Air Materiel Command authorized direct contact with major Air Commands (overseas) and organizations under their control in connection with information development on unconventional aircraft
- Reports from Major Air Commands (ZI) shall be forwarded direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Copies of reports may be supplied the Command Headquarters of the installation concerned
- Copy of all reports sent to Air Materiel Command shall be forwarded simultaneously to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Written reports submitted on AF Form 112
- Non-Air Force Agencies requested to forward reports direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3
- Where communications facilities permit, subordinate elements authorized to communicate reports direct to Commanding General, Air Materiel Command
- Part II Requirements section begins with general requirements: date of sighting, time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock), where sighted (observer's position)
- Ground observation includes: city/town, distance and direction from city or town/road/intersection, from building (story)/yard, map coordinates showing latitude and longitude
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of Air Intelligence Requirements form covering air and sea sighting location data, object count, and observable celestial phenomena.
observations
- Air sightings: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city, town or known landmark; clock position of object from observer's aircraft; latitude and longitude
- Sea sightings: latitude and longitude; proximity to land (name city, country, etc.)
- Number of objects observed
- Formation type (if any) with sketch if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting
- Distance of object from observer: laterally or horizontally, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude
- Time in sight duration
- Appearance of object: color, shape (sketch if possible), apparent construction (material or substance), size (estimated and compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers: vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic
- Evidence of exhaust: color of smoke, length and width
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of sighting requirements covering exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lights, and support/propulsion systems.
observations
- Odor if any
- Rate of evaporation of exhaust/trail
- Does trail vary with sound (spurts)
- Effect on clouds: opened path thru clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed thru cloud
- Lights: reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed
- Support systems: wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)
- Propulsion: propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect), visible exhaust or jet openings
- Control and stability: fins, stabilizers (horizontal or vertical) with size, shape, and location details
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of sighting form covering air ducts, speed, sound, disappearance method, and observer biographical information.
observations
- Air ducts: slots, duct openings
- Speed in M.P.H.
- Sound: continuous whine or buzz, roar, whistle, whoosh, intermittent
- Manner of disappearance: explosion (with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence), faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle
- Observer identification: name, address, occupation, place of business (employer or employee)
- Pertinent hobbies: amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc.; length of time engaged in hobby (experience)
- Ability to determine: color, speed of moving objects, size at distance
- Reliability of observer: sources include neighbors, police department, FBI records, employer
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of observer form covering notes on sightings, witnesses, interrogator comments, and radar sighting requirements.
observations
- Notes relative to observer on: sightings in general, how attention was drawn to object(s) (sound, motion, glint of light)
- Degree of fatigue and duration of flight at time of sighting in cases where observer is airborne
- Witnesses: addressees, occupation, reliability
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated
- Radar sightings on ground: observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target
- Target maneuver details: turns with angle (such as 180 degrees), radius of turn; if radius not observable, duration of target stay in turn and speed during turn
- Separation of distant target into several targets upon approach to be tracked if possible
- Airborne radar sightings: radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits
- Estimates of size, speed, maneuvers for airborne sightings
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionGeneral requirements section of UFO sighting form covering weather, flight schedules, testing devices, soil samples, and physical evidence collection.
observations
- Teletype sequences of local weather conditions required
- Winds aloft report required
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time (check Canadian activity if close to border)
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other entity
- If object contacted earth: obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed for purpose of making comparison of soils
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects: check surfaces with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity; make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects
- Obtain photographs (or original negatives) where available; if not, secure sketches of: object, surrounding terrain where observed, place where it contacted earth (if this happened), maneuvers, formation if objects were more than two
- Secure signed statement from observers
- Obtain fragments or physical evidence where possible
- Inquire whether any radio antenna to be observed (any projections or extensions that might presumably be construed as such)
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page_descriptionBeginning of second copy of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 dated 15 February 1949 concerning unconventional aircraft.
dates1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | USAF
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base | USAF
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | USAF
observations
- Purpose is twofold: enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information on sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects including "Flying Discs"; establish procedures for reporting such information
- As complete an answer to requirements in Part II as may be procurable should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings
- Supplementary reports should be forwarded as available by most expeditious means consistent with importance of information reported
- Initial and supplementary cabled reports from Major Air Commands (Overseas) and Air Attaches transmitted to Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force
- Cables contain phrase "Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3"
references
- Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948
quotes
- "Unconventional Aircraft" | document subject
- "Flying Discs" | referenced terminology
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page_descriptionInstructions for reporting unconventional aircraft and flying discs to Air Force agencies, focusing on reporting procedures for Major Air Commands.
organizations
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. government
- Director of Intelligence | U.S. government
- Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | U.S. military
- Major Air Commands (overseas and ZI) | U.S. military
- All United States Air Attaches | U.S. government
- Non-Air Force Agencies | various U.S. government agencies
references
- AF Form 112 | form for written reports
- Part II | requirements section
quotes"Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | cable instruction phrase
page_descriptionThis page outlines reporting procedures for sightings of unconventional aircraft, specifying that supplementary written reports on AF Form 112 will be forwarded to the Director of Intelligence, HQ USAF, and authorizing Air Materiel Command for direct contact with major Air Commands regarding information development on the subject.
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page_descriptionContinuation of reporting requirements for unconventional aircraft observations, including location information for ground, air, and sea positions.
page_content_summary
- This page lists observational requirements for sightings, including:
- Number of objects and formation type
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sightings
- Distance of object from observer (lateral/horizontal, angle of elevation, altitude)
- Time in sight
- Appearance details (color, shape, apparent construction, size)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics or maneuvers (vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic)
- Evidence of exhaust (color of smoke, length and width)
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of observational requirements for unconventional aircraft, covering exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lights, and structural features.
page_content_summary
- Requirements covering:
- Exhaust characteristics (odor, rate of evaporation, trail variation with sound)
- Effect on clouds (opened path, forced cloud/mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud)
- Lights (reflected or attached, luminous, blinking in relation to speed)
- Support systems (wings, aerodynamic lift of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder/cone, aerostatic lift)
- Propulsion (propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes with Katz Mayer effect, visible exhaust/jet openings)
- Control and stability (fins, stabilizers with size, shape, and location details)
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doc_typedirective
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of technical observational requirements and observer background information requirements.
page_content_summary
- Requirements including:
- Air ducts (slots, duct openings)
- Speed in M.P.H.
- Sound characteristics (continuous whine/buzz, roar/whistle/whoosh, intermittent)
- Manner of disappearance (explode with fragment possibility, faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle)
- Observer information (name, address, occupation, place of business, pertinent hobbies including amateur astronomer/pilot/engineer status)
- Observer abilities (color determination, speed of moving objects, size at distance)
- Observer reliability (checking sources: neighbors, police dept, FBI records, employer)
- Observer notes (sightings in general, how attention was drawn - sound/motion/glint of light, degree of fatigue)
- Witness information (addresses, occupation, reliability)
- Interrogator comments on intelligence and character of person interviewed
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionRadar sighting requirements and general environmental/supporting information requirements.
page_content_summary
- Requirements for:
- Radar sightings (ground-based observations of range, speed, altitude, size; target maneuvers and turn radius; separation of distant targets into multiple targets upon approach)
- Airborne radar observations (radar inductions or radio circuit noise, size/speed/maneuver estimates)
- General information (teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft report)
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private, and military aircraft in vicinity (including Canadian activity if near border)
- Possible releases of testing devices by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations
- Soil sampling if object contacted earth (within and without depression for comparison)
- Geiger counter checks if object came near other aircraft or known objects
- Photography or sketches (object, surrounding terrain, contact point if landed, maneuvers, formation)
- Signed statements
- Physical evidence/fragments
- Radio antenna observations
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page_descriptionFinal page of requirements section with signature and distribution list for the Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author/signer
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands (ZI and Overseas) | U.S. military
- All United States Air Attaches | U.S. government
- Director of Central Intelligence | U.S. government
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | U.S. government
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | U.S. military
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | U.S. military
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | U.S. military
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | U.S. government
referencesAF Form 112 | form for written reports
page_descriptionContains the final collection requirements, signature of C. P. Cabell (Major General, USAF, Director of Intelligence), and distribution list for the memorandum covering all major Air Commands, State Department, intelligence agencies, and law enforcement.
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page_descriptionTitle page and opening section of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 regarding unconventional aircraft, dated 16 February 1949.
dates
- 1949-02-16 | date of memorandum
- 1948-01-21 | Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7 rescission date
- 1948-03-25 | letter CSGID 425.1 rescission date
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. military
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Directorate of Intelligence, Washington 25, D.C. | U.S. military
- Department of the Army | U.S. military
- Air Force agencies | U.S. military
references
- Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 | this document
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 21 January 1948 | superseded document
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 25 March 1948 | superseded document
page_descriptionTitle page establishes the purpose of the memorandum (enunciating continuing Air Force requirements for information on unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects including "Flying Discs," and establishing reporting procedures), and rescissions two prior Army memoranda on the same subject transferred to Air Force agencies for action.
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionReporting procedures section covering transmission methods and routing for various Air Force command levels reporting unconventional aircraft sightings.
organizations
- Major Air Commands (Overseas) | U.S. military
- Air Attaches | U.S. government
- Director of Intelligence, Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | U.S. military
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | U.S. military
- Non-Air Force Agencies | various U.S. government organizations
- Command Headquarters | local installations
referencesAF Form 112 | form for written reports on unconventional aircraft
quotes"Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3" | required cable phrase
page_descriptionDetails reporting procedures specifying that initial and supplementary cabled reports from overseas commands and Air Attaches will be transmitted to the Director of Intelligence with routing to Air Materiel Command, with supplementary written reports on AF Form 112 forwarded separately, and authorizing Air Materiel Command direct contact with major Air Commands.
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II Requirements covering location information for sightings observed from ground, air, or sea positions.
page_content_summary
- Location requirements for observer position:
- Ground observations: city/town, distance and direction from city/town/road/intersection, building/story/yard location, map coordinates with latitude and longitude if feasible
- Air observations: type aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight; distance and direction from city/town/landmark; clock position of object from observer's aircraft; latitude and longitude
- Sea observations: latitude and longitude; proximity to land (name city, country, etc.)
- General requirements: date of sighting, time of sighting (zonal by 24 hr. clock)
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II observational requirements covering appearance, maneuvers, and exhaust characteristics of unconventional aircraft.
page_content_summary
- Detailed requirements for:
- Number of objects and formation type with sketches if possible
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting (with instruction to consult local facilities/organizations)
- Distance from observer (lateral/horizontal, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude)
- Time in sight
- Appearance (color, shape with sketch if possible, apparent construction/material or substance, estimated size, size as appeared from observer's view compared to known object)
- Direction of flight
- Tactics/maneuvers (vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic)
- Evidence of exhaust (color of smoke, length and width)
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of observational requirements covering exhaust characteristics, cloud effects, lights, and structural support systems.
page_content_summary
- Requirements for:
- Exhaust characteristics (odor if any, rate of evaporation, whether trail varies with sound/spurts)
- Effect on clouds (opened path through clouds, forced cloud or mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud)
- Lights (reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on and off in relation to speed)
- Support systems (wings, aerodynamic lift of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift/balloon/dirigible)
- Propulsion (propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes with flapping/oscillating motion/Katz Mayer effect, visible exhaust/jet openings)
- Control and stability (fins, stabilizers with size/shape/location details)
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doc_typedirective
classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionContinuation of technical observational requirements and observer background information collection requirements.
page_content_summary
- Requirements covering:
- Air ducts (slots, duct openings)
- Speed in M.P.H.
- Sound (continuous whine or buzz, roar/whistle/whoosh, intermittent)
- Manner of disappearance (explosion with possibility of fragments and other physical evidence, faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle)
- Observer background (name, address, occupation, place of business, employer or employee status)
- Observer hobbies (amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc., with length of time engaged)
- Observer abilities (color determination, speed of moving objects, size at distance)
- Observer reliability sources (neighbors, police dept, FBI records, employer)
- Observer notes (sightings in general, how attention was drawn - sound/motion/glint of light, degree of fatigue and flight duration for airborne observers)
- Witnesses (addresses, occupation, reliability)
- Interrogator comments on intelligence and character of person interrogated
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classificationRESTRICTED
page_descriptionRequirements for radar sightings and general supporting information collection.
page_content_summary
- Requirements for:
- Radar sightings from ground stations (observations of range, speed, altitude, size of target; target maneuvers with angles and turn radius; separation of distant target into multiple targets upon approach)
- Airborne radar observations (radar inductions or extra noise on radio circuits, estimates of size/speed/maneuvers)
- General information (teletype sequences of local weather conditions, winds aloft report)
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private, military aircraft in vicinity (check Canadian activity if near border)
- Possible releases of testing devices sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations
- Soil sampling if object contacted earth (samples within and without depression for comparison)
- Geiger counter checks if object came near other aircraft/known objects (compare with unaffected aircraft)
- Photography or sketches (object, surrounding terrain, contact point if landed, maneuvers, formation if multiple objects)
- Signed statements
- Physical evidence/fragments
- Radio antenna observations (any projections or extensions)
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page_descriptionFirst page of Air Force Intelligence Requirements memorandum on unconventional aircraft with purpose statement and rescission/reporting sections.
dates1949-02-15 | date of memorandum
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. government
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF branch
- Washington | location
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 1948-01-21 | superseded by this memo
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 1948-03-25 | superseded by this memo
quotes"The purpose of this memorandum is twofold: a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.' b. To establish procedures for reporting such information." | memo purpose statement
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page_descriptionContinuation of memorandum covering reporting procedures for Major Air Commands (overseas), Air Attachés, Major Air Commands (ZI/Zone of Interior), and Non-Air Force Agencies.
organizations
- Director of Intelligence | USAF
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Air Materiel Command | USAF
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | USAF location
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | USAF
- Non-Air Force Agencies | general category
references
- AF Form 112 | form for supplementary written reports
- MCIAXC-3 | cable transmission designation for Wright-Patterson AFB
quotes"Cables will contain the phase, 'Pass to COMGENAMO WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXC-3'" | reporting instruction for initial cables
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page_descriptionPart II Requirements section beginning with general sighting information requirements covering date, time, location, and observer position details.
observations
- Date of sighting | required information
- Time of sighting (using 24-hour clock) | required information
- Observer's position on ground (city/town, distance and direction, building/yard specifics, map coordinates with latitude/longitude) | required information
- Observer's position if airborne (type of aircraft, speed, altitude, direction of flight, distance and direction from city/town/landmark, clock position of object, latitude and longitude) | required information
- Observer's position at sea (latitude and longitude, proximity to land with location names) | required information
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II Requirements covering object description parameters including number, formation, celestial phenomena, distance, time in sight, appearance, direction of flight, tactics, and exhaust evidence.
observations
- Number of objects and formation type (with sketches if possible) | required information
- Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for sighting | required information
- Distance of object from observer (lateral/horizontal, angle of elevation from horizon, altitude) | required information
- Time in sight | required information
- Color of object | required information
- Shape of object (with sketch if possible) | required information
- Apparent construction material or substance | required information
- Estimated size and size as it appeared compared to known objects | required information
- Direction of flight | required information
- Tactics or maneuvers (vertical ascent/descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic) | required information
- Evidence of exhaust (color of smoke, length and width) | required information
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page_descriptionContinuation of exhaust and appearance requirements covering odor, evaporation, sound effects, cloud effects, lights, and support characteristics.
observations
- Odor (if any) | required information
- Rate of evaporation | required information
- Whether trail varies with sound (spurts) | required information
- Effect on clouds (opened path through, forced cloud/mists, reflected on cloud, showed through cloud) | required information
- Lights on object (reflected or attached, luminous, blinked on/off in relation to speed) | required information
- Support characteristics (wings, aerodynamic list of fuselage, vertical jet, rotating cylinder or cone, aerostatic lift from balloon or dirigible) | required information
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page_descriptionContinuation covering propulsion, control/stability, air ducts, speed, and sound characteristics requirements.
observations
- Propulsion type (propeller or jet, rotor, aerodynamic vanes with flapping or oscillating Katz Mayer effect, visible exhaust or jet openings) | required information
- Control and stability features (fins, stabilizers with size/shape/location details) | required information
- Air ducts (slots, duct openings) | required information
- Speed in miles per hour | required information
- Sound characteristics (continuous whine or buzz, roar/whistle/whoosh, intermittent) | required information
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page_descriptionConclusion of technical requirements and beginning of observer information section covering manner of disappearance and observer demographics.
observations
- Manner of disappearance (exploded with fragment/physical evidence possibility, faded from view, disappeared behind obstacle) | required information
- Observer name | required information
- Observer address | required information
- Observer occupation | required information
- Observer place of business (employer or employee details) | required information
- Pertinent hobbies (amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer experience) | required information
- Length of time engaged in hobby | required information
- Observer ability to determine color, speed of moving objects, size at distance | required information
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page_descriptionContinuation of observer information section covering reliability assessment sources and witness information.
observations
- Observer reliability sources (neighbors, police department, FBI records, employer) | required information
- Notes on sightings in general | required information
- How attention was drawn to object(s) (sound, motion, glint of light) | required information
- Degree of fatigue and duration of flight for airborne observers | required information
- Witness addresses, occupations, and reliability | required information
- Interrogator comments regarding intelligence and character of person interrogated | required information
Page 114
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page_descriptionSection on Radar Sightings requirements and General information needs for weather, flight schedules, and testing devices.
observations
- Radar sightings from ground operations (range, speed, altitude, size of target) | required information
- Target maneuvers (turns with angle measurements, turn radius, duration in turn, speed during turn) | required information
- Separation of distant target into several targets upon approach with tracking details | required information
- Airborne radar sightings (inductions or extra noise on radio circuits, size/speed/maneuver estimates) | required information
- Teletype sequences of local weather conditions | required information
- Winds aloft report | required information
Page 115
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page_descriptionContinuation of General information section covering local flight activity, testing devices, soil sampling, aircraft surface checks, photography/sketches, and physical evidence.
observations
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private, and military aircraft in vicinity (checking Canadian activity if near border) | required information
- Possible releases of testing devices sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations | required information
- Soil samples from where object contacted earth (with and without depression or spot) | required information
- Surface checks with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity on affected aircraft | required information
- Photographs (or original negatives) of object, surrounding terrain, earth contact point, maneuvers, formation | required information
- Signed statements from observers | required information
- Fragments or physical evidence where possible | required information
- Observation of any radio antenna (projections or extensions) | required information
Page 116
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page_descriptionSignature page with distribution list for Air Force Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4.
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Deputy Chief of Staff Operations | author
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands | recipient category
- ZI (Zone of Interior) and Overseas | recipient category
- All United States Air Attachés | recipient category
- Director of Central Intelligence | recipient
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | recipient
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | recipient
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | recipient
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | recipient
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | recipient
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Page 118
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page_descriptionDuplicate/reprint of page 106 - first page of Air Force Intelligence Requirements memorandum on unconventional aircraft with purpose statement and rescission/reporting sections.
dates1949-02-15 | date of memorandum
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | U.S. government
- Headquarters United States Air Force | U.S. military
- Directorate of Intelligence | USAF branch
- Washington | location
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, dated 1948-01-21 | superseded by this memo
- Letter CSGID 425.1, dated 1948-03-25 | superseded by this memo
quotes"The purpose of this memorandum is twofold: a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.' b. To establish procedures for reporting such information." | memo purpose statement
Page 119
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page_descriptionDuplicate/reprint of page 107 - continuation of memorandum covering reporting procedures for Major Air Commands, Air Attachés, and Non-Air Force Agencies.
organizations
- Director of Intelligence | USAF
- Headquarters United States Air Force | USAF
- Air Materiel Command | USAF
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio | USAF location
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | USAF
- Non-Air Force Agencies | general category
references
- AF Form 112 | form for supplementary written reports
- MCIAXC-3 | cable transmission designation for Wright-Patterson AFB
quotes"Cables will contain the phase, 'Pass to COMGENAMO WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXC-3'" | reporting instruction for initial cables
Page 120
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page_descriptionDuplicate/reprint of page 116 - signature page and distribution list for Air Force Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4.
peopleC. P. CABELL | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Deputy Chief of Staff Operations | author
organizations
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands | recipient category
- ZI (Zone of Interior) and Overseas | recipient category
- All United States Air Attachés | recipient category
- Director of Central Intelligence | recipient
- Special Assistant for Research and Intelligence, Department of State | recipient
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | recipient
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | recipient
- Commandant (INT), United States Coast Guard | recipient
- Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation | recipient
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page_descriptionBlank page with only "RESTRICTED" markings at top and bottom.
Page 122
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page_descriptionTitle page and opening of Air Force Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4 regarding unconventional aircraft and flying discs.
dates1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
people
- C.P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Department of the Air Force | author
- Unknown | Department of the Army | author of superseded memorandum
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | military_agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | military_agency
- Directorate of Intelligence | military_agency
- Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio | military_agency
- Department of the Army | military_agency
- Director of Central Intelligence | military_agency
- Department of State | military_agency
- Director of Intelligence, GSUSA | military_agency
- Chief of Naval Intelligence | military_agency
- United States Coast Guard | military_agency
- Federal Bureau of Investigation | military_agency
references
- Department of the Army Collection Memorandum Number 7, 21 January 1948 | superseded
- CSGID 425.1, 25 March 1948 | superseded
quotes"The purpose of this memorandum is twofold: a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.' b. To establish procedures for reporting such information." | memorandum
Page 123
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page_descriptionReporting procedures for unconventional aircraft sightings, organized by originating organization type (Major Air Commands overseas and continental US, Non-Air Force agencies).
organizations
- Air Materiel Command | military_agency
- Major Air Commands (ZI - Zone of Interior) | military_agency
- Air Attaches | military_agency
- Non-Air Force Agencies | various
quotes
- "As complete an answer to the requirements enunciated in Part II, as may be procurable, should be dispatched by means of electrical transmission immediately after sightings." | memorandum procedures
- "Cables will contain the phase, 'Pass to COMGENAMC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OHIO, ATTN: MCIAXO-3.'" | transmission protocol
Page 124
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page_descriptionContinuation of reporting procedures and beginning of Part II requirements section detailing what information must be collected for sightings (date, time, location, celestial phenomena).
referencesAF Form 112 | form for written reports
quotes
- "Written reports will be submitted on AF Form 112." | reporting requirement
- "Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting. (Local facilities or organizations which follow such celestial phenomena should be consulted for such information.)" | requirement 5
Page 125
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page_descriptionPart II detailed requirements for reporting sightings, covering object appearance (color, shape, construction, size), direction, maneuvers, and exhaust characteristics.
quotes
- "Appearance of object. a. Color. b. Shape. (Sketch if possible) c. Apparent construction. (Of what material or substance) d. Size." | requirement 8
- "Tactics or maneuvers. Vertical ascent or descent, horizontal, oscillating, fluttering, evasive, aggressive, erratic, etc." | requirement 10
- "Evidence of exhaust. a. Color of smoke. b. Length and width." | requirement 11
Page 126
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements covering effects on clouds, lighting characteristics, physical support methods (wings, jets, rotating objects), and propulsion systems.
quotes
- "Effect on clouds. a. Opened path thru clouds. b. Forced cloud or mists. c. Reflected on cloud. d. Showed thru cloud." | requirement 12
- "Support a. Wings. b. Aerodynamic list of fuselage. c. Vertical jet. d. Rotating cylinder or cone. e. Aerostatic lift (balloon or dirigible)." | requirement 14
- "Propulsion. a. Propeller or jet. b. Rotor. c. Aerodynamic vanes (flapping or oscillating) (Katz Mayer effect). d. Visible exhaust or jet openings." | requirement 15
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page_descriptionContinuation of Part II requirements covering control/stability features, speed, sound characteristics, manner of disappearance, and observer information requirements.
quotes
- "Control and stability. a. Fins b. Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical). (1) Size. (2) Shape. (3) Location." | requirement 16
- "Sound. a. Continuous whine or buzz. b. Roar, whistle, whoosh. c. Intermittent." | requirement 19
- "Manner of disappearance. a. Explode. (1) Possibility of fragments. (2) Other physical evidence. b. Faded from view. c. Disappeared behind obstacle." | requirement 20
- "Name of observer. Address. Occupation. Place of business." | observer section requirements
Page 128
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page_descriptionContinuation of observer information requirements, witness details, radar sighting procedures, and general information collection requirements.
quotes
- "Pertinent hobbies. a. Is observer amateur astronomer, pilot, engineer, etc. b. Length of time engaged in hobby (experience)." | observer requirement 5
- "Reliability of observer. a. Sources. (1) Neighbors. (2) Police Dept. (3) FBI records. (4) Employer." | observer requirement 7
- "Witnesses. a. Addressees. b. Occupation. c. Reliability." | observer requirement 9
- "Relative to Radar Sightings. 1. Re radars operating on ground. a. Observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target." | radar requirements
- "GENERAL. 1. Teletype sequences of local weather conditions. 2. Winds aloft report." | general requirements
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page_descriptionBlank page with only "RESTRICTED" markings at top and bottom.
Page 130
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 122 - Title page and opening section of Air Intelligence Requirements Memorandum Number 4, showing document classification and initial purpose statement.
dates1949-02-15 | Date of memorandum
peopleC.P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Department of the Air Force | author
organizations
- Department of the Air Force | military_agency
- Headquarters United States Air Force | military_agency
- Directorate of Intelligence | military_agency
- Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson AFB | military_agency
- Department of the Army | military_agency
quotes"The purpose of this memorandum is twofold: a. To enunciate continuing Air Force requirements for information pertaining to sightings of unconventional aircraft and unidentified flying objects, including the so-called 'Flying Discs.' b. To establish procedures for reporting such information." | memorandum
Page 131
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 123 - Reporting procedures for unconventional aircraft sightings by originating command type.
organizations
- Air Materiel Command | military_agency
- Major Air Commands (ZI) | military_agency
- Air Attaches | military_agency
- Non-Air Force Agencies | various
quotes"Reports will be forwarded direct to the Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Attn: MCIAXO-3 by installations receiving information pertaining to the requirements enunciated in Part II." | reporting requirement
Page 132
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 124 - Reporting procedures and start of Part II requirements for sighting information collection.
referencesAF Form 112 | form for written reports
quotes"Where sighted (observer's position): a. Ground (1) City, town. (2) Distance and direction from city or town, road, intersection, etc. (3) From building (story), yard, etc. (4) Map coordinates (if feasible) showing latitude and longitude." | location requirement
Page 133
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 125 - Part II requirements for object characteristics including appearance, direction, maneuvers, and exhaust.
quotes
- "Observable celestial phenomena or planets that may account for the sighting. (Local facilities or organizations which follow such celestial phenomena should be consulted for such information.)" | requirement 5
- "Distance of object from observer. a. Laterally or horizontally. b. Angle of elevation from horizon. c. Altitude." | requirement 6
- "Time in sight." | requirement 7
Page 134
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 126 - Part II requirements for cloud effects, lighting, support structures, and propulsion systems.
quotes
- "Lights. a. Reflected or attached. b. Luminous c. Blinked on and off in relation to speed." | requirement 13
- "Control and stability. a. Fins b. Stabilizers (horizontal or vertical). (1) Size. (2) Shape. (3) Location." | requirement 16
Page 135
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page_descriptionDuplicate of page 127 - Continuation of Part II requirements for observer information, witnesses, radar sightings, and general collection procedures.
quotes
- "Reliability of observer. a. Sources. (1) Neighbors. (2) Police Dept. (3) FBI records. (4) Employer." | observer requirement 7
- "Notes relative to observer on: a. Sightings in general. b. How attention was drawn to object(s). (1) Sound. (2) Motion. (3) Glint of light." | observer requirement 8
- "Relative to Radar Sightings. 1. Re radars operating on ground. a. Observations of range, speed, altitude and size of target. b. Did target executive any turns?" | radar requirement
- "GENERAL. 1. Teletype sequences of local weather conditions. 2. Winds aloft report." | general requirements
Page 136
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page_descriptionContinuation of investigation procedures and instructions for UFO sightings, concluding with signature block and distribution list for a USAF intelligence directive.
peopleC. P. Cabell | Major General, USAF | Director of Intelligence, Office of Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations | author
organizations
- United States Air Force (USAF) | military
- Commanding Generals, Major Air Commands | military
- United States Air Attaches | military/diplomatic
- Director of Central Intelligence | intelligence agency
- Department of State | government
- GSUSA | government
- United States Navy | military
- United States Coast Guard | military
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) | law enforcement
observations
- Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time should be obtained (with note to check Canadian activity if close to border)
- Possible releases of testing devices in vicinity sent aloft by Ordnance, Navy, Air Force, Army, Weather Units, Research Organizations or any other should be investigated
- If object contacted earth, soil samples should be obtained within and without depression or spot where object landed for comparison purposes
- If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects, surfaces should be checked with Geiger counters for possible radioactivity
- Photographs (or original negatives) should be obtained where available; if not, sketches should be secured of: the object, surrounding terrain, place where it contacted earth, maneuvers, and formation if objects were more than two
- Signed statements should be secured
- Fragments or physical evidence should be obtained where possible
- Radio antennas should be observed, including any projections or extensions that might be construed as such
quotes
- "Local flight schedules of commercial, private and military aircraft flying in vicinity at the time. (Check Canadian activity if close to that border.)" | instruction item 3
- "If object contacted earth, obtain soil samples within and without depression or spot where object landed (and then presumably departed) for purpose of making comparison of soils." | instruction item 5
- "If object came sufficiently near other aircraft or known objects check surfaces with Gelger counters for possible radioactivity. Make comparisons with other unaffected aircraft objects, etc." | instruction item 6
- "Was any radio antenna to be observed, i.e., (any projections or extentions that might presumably be construed as such)," | instruction item 10
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